摘 要 太西无烟煤是一种优质稀缺资源，其高附加值利用技术开发一直受到高度重视。基于煤的特殊结构和性能，制备功能性煤/聚合物复合材料是实现煤炭高附加值高效利用的有效途径之一。论文针对太西无烟煤功能材料化关键技术研究，探讨了太西无烟煤/聚苯胺(TXC/PANI)复合材料的制备及其在导电复合材料、抗静电材料和防腐蚀涂料中的应用。 采用原位氧化聚合法制备了TXC/PANI导电复合材料，研究了苯胺(AN)与太西无烟煤(TXC)质量比变化对盐酸掺杂TXC/PANI复合材料结构和性能影响。结果表明，TXC/PANI复合材料表面形貌呈现层状堆叠结构，随着AN与TXC质量比的减小，TXC/PANI的电导率降低，AN与TXC之比为10:90时其电导率仍可达到4.7 ×10-2S/cm；与纯PANI相比，TXC/PANI具有较高的热稳定性。 以TXC/PANI为功能填料，环氧树脂(EP)为基体，采用浇铸成型方法制备了TXC/PANI/EP复合材料。结果表明，TXC/PANI有助于提高TXC/PANI/EP复合材料的力学性能和抗静电性能。当AN与TXC质量比为75:25时，TXC/PANI/EP复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度均较高，表明了TXC/PANI与环氧树脂基体有较好的相容性。 以TXC/PANI为功能填料，制备了TXC/PANI/EP防腐涂料。结果表明，复合涂层能促使碳钢基体钝化，起到阳极保护作用，降低了腐蚀速度。相同填料添加量时，随着其中聚苯胺含量的增加，复合涂层的防腐蚀性能呈增大趋势。随着浸泡时间的延长，碳钢电极的腐蚀电位减小，腐蚀电流呈增大趋势，复合涂层遭到不同程度的破坏，耐蚀性也随之减小。TXC/PANI添加量应控制在10wt%(相对于EP)以下，复合涂层使碳钢电极腐蚀电位升高，腐蚀电流降低1~3个数量级，而阻抗显著增大，证明TXC/PANI具有良好的防腐蚀性能。 综合上述分析，初步建立了TXC/PANI/EP防腐涂料的防腐机理。 该论文有图28幅，表8个，参考文献97篇。

Abstract Taixi anthracite is a high-quality and scarce resource, and development of its high value-added utilization technology has caused high attention. Based on the special structure and performance of coal, preparation of functional coal/polymer composites is an effective way of implementing high value-added utilization of coal. For development of key technology of functional material utilization of Taixi anthracite, preparation of Taixi anthracite/polyaniline(TXC/PANI) composites and its application in conductive composite materials, anti-static materials and anti-corrosion coatings were investigated in this paper. TXC/PANI composites were prepared by in situ oxidation polymerization, and effect of mass ratio changes of aniline(AN) and TXC on structure and performance of TXC/PANI composites doped with HCl was studied. The results show that surface morphology of TXC/PANI presents layered stack structure. Conductivity of TXC/PANI diminishes with the decrease of mass ratio of AN and TXC. The conductivity of TXC/PANI remains 4.7×10-2S/cm even if the mass ratio of AN and TXC is 10/90. Compared with pure PANI, TXC/PANI has higher thermal stability. Using TXC/PANI as functional filler and epoxy resin(EP) as matrix, TXC/PANI/EP composite materials were prepared by cast molding. The results show that TXC/PANI helps to improve mechanical properties and anti-static performance of composite materials, which has higher tensile strength and impact strength when the mass ratio of AN and TXC is 75/25, indicating that TXC/PANI and epoxy matrix have good compatibility. TXC/PANI/epoxy anti-corrosion coatings were prepared with TXC/PANI as functional filler. The results show that the composite coatings can promote passivation of carbon steel substrate, provide anodic protection, and reduce the corrosion rate. With the same additive amount of filler, the corrosion resistance of composite coatings is mainly improving with the increase of PANI in filler. The corrosion potential of carbon steel electrode decreases with the immersion time, while the corrosion current tends to increase, and composite coatings suffer different degree of damage, corrosion resistance also diminishes. The additive amount of TXC/PANI should be controlled below 10wt% (relative to EP). The composite coatings make corrosion potential of carbon steel electrode increase, the corrosion current reduces 1~3 orders of magnitude, while the impedance significantly increases. It was proved that TXC/PANI has good anti-corrosion performance. According to above analysis, the anti-corrosion mechanism of coatings is preliminarily established.