近年来，随着“一带一路”国家战略的有效实施，岩土建设工程日益增多，岩质边坡因冻融循环引发岩体损伤，并由天然裂隙或节理导致其宏观性能弱化，严重影响了工程建设与运营维护。论文以陕北府谷地区岩质边坡为背景，以不同裂隙倾角 (0°、30°、45°、60°及90°) 红砂岩为研究对象，开展冻融循环前后CT扫描、冻胀力监测、单轴压缩及三轴压缩试验，通过三维重构对岩样进行细观参数分析，并结合冻胀力及力学性质分析其动态力学特性。通过引入分形维数，建立裂隙砂岩冻融荷载损伤模型，进行细观与宏观的关联分析，并探究其损伤劣化机理。主要研究成果如下：

（1）通过对完整及不同裂隙倾角砂岩进行冻融循环试验，得到了冻融循环下砂岩劣化的表现形式及变形破坏模式。研究发现：饱水砂岩与干燥砂岩在裂纹生成方面展现出显著差异；在饱水砂岩中，裂纹首先从其两端开始出现，逐渐向中部延伸，而在干燥砂岩中主要从中部开始；随着冻融循环次数增加，砂岩内部缺陷贯通导致内部颗粒变得更为疏松，孔隙和微裂纹延伸贯通，导致干燥岩样质量及波速呈现加速减小的趋势，而饱水砂岩的质量和波速减小幅度更大。

（2）基于砂岩CT扫描试验结果，结合CT图像三维重构技术，提出了一种提取砂岩宏观裂隙的新技术。研究发现：选用非局部均值滤波与交互式阈值更有利于对宏观裂隙提取，非局部均值滤波可在降噪的同时有效去除环状伪影，交互式阈值适于宏观裂隙提取，在不均匀背景识别方面效果较好，将二者结合以实现阈值分割；冻融循环导致微裂隙逐渐竖向分布，冻融至60次时，每层切片均出现损伤区，预制裂隙岩样总体积和孔隙总体积逐渐增大，最大孔隙等效半径、孔隙体积、孔隙个数及分形维数可以定量表征冻融下砂岩的损伤变化，其细观结构参数均与冻融次数呈正相关；完整砂岩与裂隙砂岩相比，其冻融损伤程度较小，主要由外围产生环状损伤，裂隙岩石的损伤集中区则位于预制裂隙附近；岩样主要由小孔组成，占比达90%以上，随冻融循环次数的增长占比逐渐下降，发育为中孔及大孔，中孔和大孔占比逐渐上升。

（3）通过对砂岩进行冻胀力监测及动态力学测试，得到裂隙砂岩在不同饱水状态、不同裂隙倾角下的损伤力学特性及变形破坏模式。研究发现：饱水状态下的裂隙砂岩因水分的参与，微应变为正值，峰值逐渐增大；而干燥状态下微应变为负值，峰值逐渐降低，45°时微应变峰值最大，0°时微应变变化最小；与完整砂岩相比，裂隙砂岩的损伤更为明显；随裂隙倾角的增加，强度峰值与弹性模量呈“V”型趋势，60°时降低幅度最大，不同裂隙倾角和不同冻融次数都会影响砂岩的强度和变形行为；随着围压升高，裂隙砂岩强度、弹性模量呈现增大趋势，岩样应力-应变曲线出现残余强度，增加岩样塑性特性，抑制微裂隙扩展。在单轴和三轴压缩下，裂隙砂岩的破坏模式随着冻融次数和裂隙倾角的变化而变化，呈现出拉伸、劈裂、拉-剪混合或剪切等不同的破坏形态；随着围压的增加，裂隙砂岩的破坏模式逐渐向压缩破坏转变。

（4）根据试验结果，将弹性模量作为损伤变量，引入细观分形维数作为修正参数，构建考虑宏观及细观结构的裂隙砂岩冻融荷载损伤模型。研究发现：模型与试验结果吻合较好，从冻融荷载损伤演化曲线可以看出，砂岩冻融荷载损伤演化曲线呈“S”型趋势增长。随着冻融次数的增加，冻融损伤值增大，冻融增长速率减小。结合宏观力学性能测试及微观结构参数，分析冻融作用下砂岩的损伤机理，不同裂隙倾角对岩石的冻融损伤具有显著影响，与完整砂岩相比，封闭型倾角岩石在冻融过程中更易产生损伤。

In recent years, with the effective implementation of the "One Belt, One Road" national strategy, geotechnical construction projects are increasing day by day. Rock slopes are damaged by freeze-thaw cycles, and their macro performance is weakened by natural cracks or joints, which seriously affects project construction, operation and maintenance. In this paper, the rock slope in Fugu area of northern Shaanxi province is taken as the background, and the red sandstone with different crack angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°) is taken as the research object. CT scanning, frost heave force monitoring, uniaxial compression and triaxial compression tests before and after freeze-thaw cycle are carried out. Combined with frost heave force and mechanical properties, the dynamic mechanical properties were analyzed. By introducing fractal dimension, the freeze-thaw load damage model of fractured sandstone is established, and the correlation analysis between micro and macro is carried out, and the damage deterioration mechanism is explored. The main research results are as follows:

(1) Through freeze-thaw cycle tests on intact sandstone with different fracture inclination angles, the degradation forms and deformation failure modes of sandstone under freeze-thaw cycle are obtained. The results show that there are significant differences in crack generation between water-saturated sandstone and dry sandstone. In water-saturated sandstones, cracks first appear from both ends and gradually extend to the middle, while in dry sandstones, cracks mainly start from the middle. With the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycles, the internal particles become more loose due to the penetration of internal defects, and the extension and penetration of pores and micro-cracks, resulting in an accelerated decrease in the quality and wave velocity of dry rock samples, while the mass and wave velocity of water-saturated sandstone decrease more.

(2) Based on the results of sandstone CT scan test and the 3D reconstruction technology of CT images, a new technology for extracting macroscopic cracks in sandstone is proposed. It is found that the selection of non-local mean filtering and interactive threshold is more conducive to macro crack extraction, non-local mean filtering can effectively remove ring artifacts while reducing noise, and the interactive threshold is suitable for macro crack extraction and has a good effect on uneven background recognition. The two are combined to achieve threshold segmentation. The freeze-thaw cycle results in the vertical distribution of microcracks gradually. When freeze-thaw cycles reach 60 cycles, damage zones appear in each layer of slices, and the total volume of prefabricated fissured rock samples and the total volume of pores gradually increase. The maximum pore equivalent radius, pore volume, pore number and fractal dimension can quantitatively characterize the damage changes of sandstone under freeze-thaw cycles, and the microstructural parameters are positively correlated with the freeze-thaw cycles. Compared with fissured sandstone, the degree of freeze-thaw damage of intact sandstone is smaller, and the annular damage is mainly generated from the periphery, while the damage concentration area of fissured rock is located near the precast fracture. The rock samples are mainly composed of small holes, accounting for more than 90%, which gradually decrease with the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycles, and develop into medium and large pores, and the proportion of medium and large pores gradually increases.

(3) Through frost heave force monitoring and dynamic mechanical testing of sandstone, the damage mechanical properties and deformation and failure modes of fractured sandstone under different water-saturated states and crack inclination angles are obtained. It is found that the micro-strain of fractured sandstone is positive and the peak value increases gradually due to the participation of water in the saturated state. In the dry state, the microstrain is negative and the peak value decreases gradually. The peak value of microstrain is maximum at 45°, and the change of microstrain is minimum at 0°. Compared with intact sandstone, the damage of fractured sandstone is more obvious. The peak strength and elastic modulus show a "V" trend with the increase of crack inclination, and the decrease is the largest at 60°. Different crack inclination and different freeze-thaw times will affect the strength and deformation behavior of sandstone. With the increase of confining pressure, the strength and elastic modulus of fractured sandstone tend to increase, and the residual strength appears in the stress-strain curve of rock sample, which increases the plastic characteristics of rock sample and inhibits the expansion of microcracks. Under uniaxial and triaxial compression, the failure modes of fractured sandstone change with the change of freeze-thaw times and fracture inclination Angle, showing different failure modes such as stretching, splitting, tension-shear mixing or shear. With the increase of confining pressure, the failure mode of fractured sandstone gradually changes to compression failure.

(4) According to the test results, the elastic modulus is taken as the damage variable and the mesoscopic fractal dimension is introduced as the modified parameter to build the freeze-thaw load damage model of fractured sandstone considering both macroscopic and mesoscopic structures. It is found that the model is in good agreement with the experimental results. It can be seen from the freeze-thaw load damage evolution curve that the sandstone freeze-thaw load damage evolution curve presents an "S" type trend. With the increase of freeze-thaw times, the freeze-thaw damage value increases and the freeze-thaw growth rate decreases. Combined with macroscopic mechanical properties and microstructure parameters, the damage mechanism of sandstone under freeze-thaw action is analyzed. Different crack inclination Angle has a significant impact on the freeze-thaw damage of rock. Compared with intact sandstone, closed rock with dip Angle is more prone to damage during freeze-thaw process.

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