本文对西秦岭、青藏高原东北缘的兰州—天水—武都监测区域的短水准观测数据进行处理，分析讨论震前断层形变异常特征及与地震活动的关系。通过对已有数据资料的认真、严谨的计算，全面、深入的分析研究及系统性的梳理，结合该研究区域的已有GPS水平运动形变、区域水准垂直运动形变及重力异常的研究结果为背景，以甘肃岷县6.6级地震为实例分析。主要取得以下初步性研究成果和认识： （1）短水准观测反映的震前断层活动存在明显异常，异常形态主要有趋势型和突变型两大类；异常持续时间与震中距、震级在局部上存在一定的比例关系；异常幅度与震中距在局部上存在着正比关系； （2）短水准观测反映的断层形变异常幅度偏离动态基值线超出2倍拟合中误差后一段时间内极有可能发生地震。 （3）岷县6.6级地震可能发生在青藏块体水平运动受阻，区域垂直运动和重力变化高梯度带背景下，同时震区跨断层短水准观测反映的断层形变异常偏离动态基值线幅度2倍拟合中误差的尖点突跳和“W”型波动后；且本次地震前断层形变异常表现为震中距为50～100km形变异常显著，且幅度较大；异常形态呈短-临期 “V”型突跳和“W/M”型波动，异常持续时间多以短期4～12个月为主。

This article is processed the short leveling observations of the West Qin Ling and the northeastern margin of the monitoring area of LanZhou-TianShui-WuDu to extract and analyze the abnormal information. Discuss and analyze the fault deformation of anomalies before earthquake and the relationship with earthquake activity. Through the most serious calculated the existing data, to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth analysis and systematic summary. And combine with the existing GPS horizontal movement of deformation, deformation and regional level vertical motion observing abnormal findings gravity flow characteristics as the background. To be analyzed MINXIAN Ms6.6 earthquake as an example. Mainly made the following preliminary conclusions and cognitions: (1) The faulting is abnormality before the earthquake. Abnormal morphology show as two categories: trend-type and mutant-type. There are some proportional on the partial between abnormal duration and epicenter distance and magnitude. The amplitude anomaly and epicenter distance and duration show a related relationship in the local. (2) Short level of fault deformation observation reflects the magnitude of deviation from the base value of the dynamic line exceeds two times after fitting error is most likely to occur within a period of time earthquake. (3)Maybe MINXIAN 6.6 earthquake was under the background of horizontal movement blocked and the high gradient deformation of vertical and gravity changes band region. It was occurred after the anomaly amplitude of fault deformation deviate dynamic base values line about 2 times of type of "V" jumps and "W" fluctuations. The fault deformation show as: the epicenter distance from 50 to 100 km deformation the dynamic base value line significant, and amplitude anomaly larger. Epicenter distance is less than 50 or greater than 100 km the amplitude of anomaly is relatively small. Abnormal morphology was a short and temporary period type of "V" jumps and "W" fluctuations. Abnormal duration was mainly from 4 to 12months.