水成膜泡沫（Aqueous Film-Forming Foam，AFFF）能够快速有效地扑灭液体燃料类火灾。然而，AFFF的核心成分长链氟碳表面活性剂（C8-C10）存在严重的环境危害，已被国际公约禁用。为了开发高效环保泡沫灭火剂，本文以短链氟碳表面活性剂（C6）和碳氢表面活性剂复配溶液为起泡剂，以纳米（氢）氧化铝作为稳泡剂，复配制备新型泡沫体系，研究热作用下纳米颗粒对泡沫稳定性的影响，揭示纳米颗粒对泡沫热稳定增强机理，对于开发纳米颗粒强化的新一代高效环保泡沫灭火剂具有重要意义。

       首先，分别将不同浓度（氢）氧化铝纳米颗粒（Al(OH)₃、α-Al₂O₃、β-Al₂O₃、γ-Al₂O₃）与FS-50/APG-0810溶液复配，对泡沫混合液表面活性、粘性、电导率和起泡性展开了深入的研究。研究发现，随着（氢）氧化铝纳米颗粒浓度的增加，泡沫混合液的表面活性降低，粘度逐渐增加，当浓度超过5%时，泡沫混合液粘度急剧增加。此外，泡沫混合液电导率随β-Al₂O₃颗粒浓度的增加逐渐增加，随Al(OH)₃、α-Al₂O₃、γ-Al₂O₃的加入逐渐降低。当Al(OH)₃和α-Al₂O₃纳米颗粒浓度低于5%，β-Al₂O₃和γ-Al₂O₃纳米颗粒浓度低于7.5%时，均降低了FS-50/APG-0810溶液的初始起泡高度；当颗粒浓度超过相应值时，泡沫混合液的初始起泡高度随颗粒浓度增加逐渐增大。

       其次，探究了不同浓度的（氢）氧化铝纳米颗粒对常温下泡沫形态和结构、泡沫析液和泡沫粗化特性影响规律。结果表明，随着纳米颗粒浓度的增加，泡沫外观形态从流体到凝胶状转变，泡沫流动性变差。（氢）氧化铝纳米颗粒的加入延缓了泡沫析液和粗化速率，泡沫稳定性增强，随着纳米颗粒浓度的增加，泡沫稳定性进一步增强。研究发现，（氢）氧化铝纳米颗粒增强泡沫稳定性的规律为Al(OH)₃＞β-Al₂O₃＞γ-Al₂O₃＞α-Al₂O₃。

       最后，本文利用自主搭建的泡沫热稳定性实验装置，探究了在热作用下泡沫层厚度衰减、析液高度和泡沫粗化规律，分析纳米颗粒浓度、晶型对泡沫热稳定性影响规律，揭示纳米颗粒对泡沫热稳定增强机理。结果表明，热辐射作用下，泡沫层会呈现出三个连续的阶段，即膨胀阶段、平衡稳定阶段和衰减阶段。热作用加速了泡沫厚度衰减、析液和粗化，但泡沫的热稳定性随着纳米颗粒浓度的增加而增强。表面活性剂在纳米颗粒上的吸附，导致亲水性纳米颗粒变成疏水性聚集体，能够吸附在气泡液膜和Plateau边界上，增强了泡沫液膜稳定性，从而增强泡沫层的耐热性能。此外，热辐射作用下泡沫衰减后形成了一层纳米壳层，增强了泡沫层的隔热能力，对下层泡沫起到了保护作用。

       Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) can be used to extinguish liquid fuel fires quickly and effectively. However, long-chain fluorocarbon surfactants (C8-C10), the core component of AFFF, pose serious environmental hazards and have been banned by international conventions. In order to develop an efficient and environmentally friendly foam extinguishing agent, a new foam system was prepared by using a combination system of short-chain fluorocarbon surfactant (C6) and hydrocarbon surfactant as foaming agent, and nano (hydrogen) alumina as foaming stabilizing agent. The influence of nanoparticles on foam stability under heat action was studied, and the mechanism of enhancing the thermal stability of foam by nanoparticles was revealed. It is of great significance to develop a new generation of high efficiency and environmental protection foam extinguishing agent strengthened by nanoparticles.

       Firstly, Al(OH)₃, α-Al₂O₃, β-Al₂O₃, and γ-Al₂O₃ with different concentrations were mixed with FS-50/APG-0810 solution, and the surface activity, viscosity, conductivity and foamability of the foam mixture were investigated. It was found that with the addition of nanoparticles concentration, the surface activity of the foam mixture decreased and the viscosity gradually increased, and when the concentration exceeded 5%, the viscosity of the foam mixture increased sharply. In addition, the electrical conductivity of the foam mixture gradually increased with the increase of β-Al₂O₃ particle concentration and gradually decreased with the addition of Al(OH)₃, α-Al₂O₃, and γ-Al₂O₃. The addition of nanoparticles reduced the initial foaming height of FS-50/APG-0810 solution, and the initial foaming height of the foam mixture gradually increased when the concentration of Al(OH)₃ and α-Al₂O₃ particle concentration is higher than 5%, and the concentration of β-Al₂O₃ and γ-Al₂O₃ nanoparticles is lower than 7.5%.

       Secondly, measurements and analyses on foam morphology and structural changes, foam drainage and foam coarsening characteristics were carried out to investigate the foam stabilization characteristics of the foam stabilized by different concentrations of aluminum hydroxide (alumina) nanoparticles at room temperature. The results showed that the foam appearance morphology changed from liquid to gel-like with the increase of nanoparticle concentration, and the foam fluidity became poor. The addition of (hydro)alumina nanoparticles delayed the foam drainage and coarsening rate, enhanced the foam stability, and further enhanced the foam stability with the increase of nanoparticle concentration. It was found that the law of (hydro)alumina nanoparticles enhancing foam stability was Al(OH)₃>β-Al₂O₃>γ-Al₂O₃>α-Al₂O₃.

       Finally, the experimental measurement platform of foam ablation and foam thermal coarsening was built independently in this paper. The decay of foam layer thickness, precipitation height and foam coarsening laws under the thermal action were investigated, and the influence law of different concentrations and different particle shapes nanoparticles on the thermal stability of foam was analyzed to study the mechanism of nanoparticles on foam thermal stability. The results show that the foam layer will show three successive stages under the action of thermal radiation, i.e. expansion stage, equilibrium stage and collapse stage. The thermal action accelerates the foam thickness decay, liquid precipitation and bubble coarsening, but the thermal stability and thermal insulation properties of the foam are enhanced with the increase of nanoparticle concentration. The adsorption of surfactants on nanoparticles makes hydrophilic nanoparticles hydrophobic and thus adsorbs on the bubble liquid film and plateau boundary, which enhances the foam film stability and thus the thermal insulation performance of the foam layer. In addition, the foam decay forms a particle shell layer after decaying under the effect of thermal radiation, which enhances the thermal insulation performance of the foam layer and protects the lower foam layer.

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