煤火灾害防治是矿井火灾治理的关键举措，对煤矿安全生产具有重要的现实意义。煤自燃是煤分子官能团逐渐活化参与自由基连锁链式反应并持续放热的过程。在煤自燃过程中，煤中各自由基持续参与并引发煤氧化链式反应，其中羟基自由基（•OH）是煤低温氧化过程中活性最高、生成路径最多的自由基之一，同时也是诱发循环链式反应的重要活性自由基。抗氧化剂作为一种专门高效清除自由基的化学阻化剂，其阻化煤自燃特性及机理近年来逐渐引起了学者们的关注。然而，当前尚存在消减煤•OH机理不清、井下环境适应性较差、寿命短等问题。因此，本文以抗氧化型微胶囊为研究对象，围绕抗氧化剂消减煤羟基自由基反应机理、微胶囊壁材释控温度以及微胶囊阻化煤自燃机制等关键问题开展了研究。研究抗氧化剂抽氢反应机制，分析其靶向消减•OH的反应活性位点数量，筛选出目标型抗氧化剂；构建了抗氧化剂与羟基自由基的分子结构模型，揭示了抗氧化剂消减煤羟基自由基反应机理；研究了抗氧化剂阻化煤样热动力学特征和微观结构演变规律，优选出最佳抗氧化型阻化剂作为芯材；采用微胶囊技术对其进行改性处理，研究了微胶囊的理化特性及阻化煤自燃特性。研究结果对揭示煤自燃阻化机理及开发高效阻化材料具有重要的理论和实践意义。

利用量子化学理论，研究了抗氧化剂消减羟基自由基反应活性的机理。首先基于抗氧化剂相关性质以及靶向消减煤羟基自由基的阻化特点，筛选出7种（乙二胺四乙酸EDTA、茶多酚GTP、柠檬酸CA、褪黑素MT、维生素VC、原花青素PC和β-胡萝卜素）目标型抗氧化剂。然后通过Gaussian软件模拟计算抗氧化剂结构模型的前线轨道、静电势、分子内相互作用力等量子化学信息，分析抗氧化剂的反应活性位点；最后根据活性位点搜索抗氧化剂消减羟基自由基的反应过渡态，分析反应路径、热力学和动力学特性。结果表明：抗氧化剂分子中的羧基、羟基等基团为消减•OH的主要活性位点，并对体系间弱相互作用的形成起主要作用。在消减羟基自由基的反应过程中，主要发生的是•OH对抗氧化剂活性位点上的夺氢反应，该过程需要在一定温度下进行，并且是放热反应。不同抗氧化剂分子中反应活性位点数量的差别是导致抑制煤自燃效果存在差异的本质原因，由于GTP分子中具有较多与•OH发生消减反应的活性位点，因此抑制煤自燃效果应最为显著。

通过同步热分析、热物性、傅里叶变化红外光谱和电子顺磁共振实验，研究了抗氧化剂阻化煤样在氧化过程中的宏观上热动力学特征和热物性参数变化规律，以及微观上官能团演变规律和自由基变化特性，根据抑制效果优选出最佳抗氧化型阻化剂作为微胶囊的芯材。实验证明7种抗氧化剂能够有效抑制煤的早期氧化，其中GTP的抑制效果最为显著，宏观表现为煤样临界温度、干裂温度、初始放热温度以及比热容上升最高，而放热量、热扩散系数和导热系数下降最低；微观表现为煤表面-CH₃、-CH₂、Ar-CH和C=C官能团的消耗量降低，-OH、-COOH和-C=O官能团的增长幅度及生成量减少；此外，煤中自由基的浓度、种类以及复杂度显著降低。GTP阻化煤样氧化过程需要的能量最高，从本质上表明其抑制煤氧化反应的效果最佳。

采用微流体法以聚乙二醇-碳酸氢钠（PEG6000-NaHCO₃）为壁材，GTP为芯材，成功制备出抗氧化型温敏微胶囊阻化剂。基于单因素实验与响应曲面分析法（RSM）分析各关键影响因素之间的交互作用，优化并得到制备抗氧化型微胶囊包覆率和动作温度的关键参数。采用SEM、EDS、XPS、FTIR、LPS、TG等实验测试，系统表征了抗氧化型微胶囊的微观形貌、分散性、动作温度、粒径分布及热稳定性等理化特性。结果表明：抗氧化型微胶囊制备的最佳参数为：选取PEG用量为70%、芯壁比为1:3、注射速度为3min/ml、搅拌速度为800r/min，茶多酚包覆率达85%。制备的抗氧化型微胶囊呈现出明显的囊状，微粒间分散均匀、无凝结现象且粒径分布集中、大小适中。阻化微胶囊具有良好的“温控”效果，囊壳打开的动作温度范围为68-79.4℃，其释放前平均包覆率可达81.2%，由壁材PEG-NaHCO₃初步起到阻化作用；释放后包覆率由75%快速下降到9%，主要由芯材GTP起到阻化作用。

利用程序升温实验系统，研究了阻化煤样在氧化升温过程中的耗氧速率、CO和CO₂等特征气体的产生特性，分析了阻化煤样氧化过程中的表观活化能、阻化率等关键参数变化规律，考察了抗氧化型微胶囊材料的时效性以及对煤自燃的阻化效果。实验证明抗氧化型微胶囊对煤自燃具有较好的阻化效果，表现为阻化煤样耗氧速率、CO及CO₂产生率下降，反应需要的活化能增加。对茶多酚微胶囊化改性处理后成功赋予了阻化材料的温敏性，阻化效果显著增强，且具有较好的稳定性和环境适应性。煤样中添加量10%的抗氧化型微胶囊能达到最佳阻化效果，表现为平均阻化率为62.6%，90℃最高阻化率高达87.5%。

The prevention and control of mine fire disaster is a key measure for mine fire control, which has important practical significance for coal mine safety production. Coal spontaneous combustion is a process in which the functional groups of coal molecules are gradually activated and participate in the chain reaction of free radicals and continue to release heat. In the process of coal spontaneous combustion, the free radicals in coal continuously participate in and trigger the chain reaction of coal oxidation, among which hydroxyl radical (•OH) is one of the free radicals with the highest activity and the most generation paths in the process of coal low-temperature oxidation, and it is also an important active radical to induce the chain reaction. Antioxidant is a kind of chemical inhibitor which can effectively remove free radicals, and its characteristics and mechanism of inhibiting coal spontaneous combustion have gradually attracted scholars’ attention in recent years. However, there are still some problems such as unclear mechanism of reducing •OH in coal, poor adaptability to underground environment and short life. Therefore, this paper takes antioxidant microcapsules as the research object, and studies the key issues such as the reaction mechanism of antioxidant reducing hydroxyl radicals in coal, the release temperature of microcapsule wall materials and the mechanism of microcapsule inhibiting coal spontaneous combustion. The reaction mechanism of extracting hydrogen atoms from antioxidants is studied, and the number of reactive sites for targeted reducing •OH is analyzed, and the objective antioxidants are screened out. The molecular structure model of antioxidant and hydroxyl radical is constructed, and the reaction mechanism of antioxidant reducing hydroxyl radical in coal is revealed. The thermodynamic kinetic characteristics and microstructure evolution of antioxidants in inhibiting coal samples process are studied, and the best antioxidant inhibitor is selected as the core material. Microcapsule technology is used to modify it, and the physical and chemical characteristics of microcapsules and the characteristics of preventing coal spontaneous combustion are studied. The research results have important theoretical and practical significance for revealing the mechanism of coal spontaneous combustion inhibition and developing high-efficiency inhibition materials.

Based on the theory of quantum chemistry, the mechanism of reducing the reactivity of hydroxyl radical by antioxidants is studied. Firstly, based on the related properties of antioxidants and the inhibition characteristics of targeted reduction of hydroxyl radicals in coal, seven target antioxidants (EDTA, GTP, CA citrate, melatonin MT, vitamin VC, proanthocyanidins PC and β-carotene) are screened out. Then the quantum chemical information such as frontier orbit, electrostatic potential and intramolecular interaction force of antioxidant structure model are simulated and calculated by Gaussian software, and the reactive sites of antioxidants are analyzed. Finally, according to the active site, the reaction transition state of antioxidant to reduce hydroxyl radical is searched, and the reaction path, thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics are analyzed. The results show that carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in antioxidant molecules are the main active sites to reduce •OH, and play a major role in the formation of weak interaction between systems. In the process of reducing hydroxyl radicals, the main reaction is the hydrogen abstraction reaction of •OH on the active site of antioxidant, which needs to be carried out at a certain temperature and is an exothermic reaction. The difference in the number of reactive sites in different antioxidant molecules is the essential reason for the difference in the inhibition effect of coal spontaneous combustion. As there are many active sites in GTP molecules that can reduce the reaction with •OH, the inhibition effect of coal spontaneous combustion should be the most significant.

Through synchronous thermal analysis, thermophysical properties, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments, the macro thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics, the variation law of thermophysical parameters, the evolution law of micro functional groups and the change characteristics of free radicals of antioxidants inhibiting coal during oxidation are studied, and the optimal antioxidant inhibitor is selected as the core material of microcapsules according to the inhibition effect. Experiments show that 7 kinds of antioxidants can effectively inhibit the early oxidation of coal, among which GTP has the most obvious inhibition effect. The macroscopic performance shows that the critical temperature, cracking temperature, initial exothermic temperature and specific heat capacity of coal samples increased the highest, while the exothermic quantity, thermal diffusion coefficient and thermal conductivity decrease the lowest. Microscopically, the consumption of -CH₃, -CH₂, Ar-CH and C=C functional groups on the coal surface decrease, and the growth range and production of -OH, -COOH and -C=O functional groups decrease. In addition, the concentration, species and complexity of free radicals in coal are significantly reduced. GTP needs the highest energy in the process of inhibiting coal oxidation, which essentially indicates that it has the best effect of inhibiting coal oxidation.

Using PEG6000-NaHCO₃ as the wall material and GTP as the core material, the antioxidant temperature-sensitive microcapsule inhibitor is successfully prepared by microfluidic method. Interaction among key influencing factors is analyzed based on single factor experiment and response surface analysis (RSM), and the key parameters of coating rate and operating temperature for preparing antioxidant microcapsules are optimized and obtained. SEM, EDS, XPS, FTIR, LPS, TG and other experimental tests are used to systematically characterize the micro-morphology, dispersibility, operating temperature, particle size distribution and thermal stability of antioxidant microcapsules. Results show that the optimum preparation parameters of antioxidant microcapsules are as follows: PEG dosage is 70%, core wall ratio is 1:3, injection speed is 3min/ml, and stirring speed is 800r/min, coating rate of tea polyphenols reachs 85%. The prepared anti-microcapsules are obviously saccular, with uniform dispersion among particles, no condensation, concentrated particle size distribution and moderate size. Inhibition microcapsules have a good “temperature control” effect, the operating temperature range of the capsule shell is 68-79.4℃, the average coating rate before release can reach 81.2%, the wall material PEG-NaHCO₃ plays a preliminary role in the inhibition. After release, the coating rate decrease rapidly from 75% to 9%, which was mainly inhibited by GTP.

By using the temperature programmed experimental system, the oxygen consumption rate and the generation characteristics of characteristic gases such as CO and CO₂ in the oxidation process of inhibited coal samples are studied, and the variation laws of key parameters such as apparent activation energy and inhibition rate in the oxidation process of inhibited coal samples are analyzed, and the efficiency of antioxidant microcapsule materials and its inhibition effect of coal spontaneous combustion are investigated. Experiments show that the antioxidant microcapsules had a good inhibition effect on coal spontaneous combustion, which show that the oxygen consumption rate, CO and CO₂ production rate decreased while activation energy needed for the reaction increased. After the modification of tea polyphenols microcapsules, the temperature sensitivity of the inhibitor material is successfully given, and the inhibition effect is significantly enhanced, and it had good stability and environmental adaptability. The best inhibition effect achieved by adding 10% antioxidant microcapsules to coal, with an average inhibition rate of 62.6%, and the highest inhibition rate is as high as 87.5% at 90℃.

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