开采大倾角煤层时对底板的稳定性控制是确保“支架-围岩”稳定的基础，特别是大倾角工作面复合底板，开采过程极易发生滑移破坏、支架倾倒下滑等问题。因此，深入研究大倾角煤层长壁伪俯斜采场复合底板破坏机理对促进类似矿井安全开采具有一定的理论及工程意义。

本文以四川太平煤矿3121^-22工作面为工程背景，采用物理相似模拟实验、数值模拟、理论分析及工程实践相结合的研究方法，对大倾角伪俯斜采场复合底板变形破坏机理进行了系统研究，结果表明：

（1）3121^-22工作面开采过程中，在开采卸荷及倾斜上部岩体推力作用下，倾斜下部软岩底板膨胀底臌产生离层，软煤底板变得破碎，加剧软岩底板底臌，达到极限时软岩底板破断且无法形成支撑结构而滑移，滑移范围向上蔓延，最大破坏滑移长度为59.4 m。裂隙逐渐向硬岩底板扩展，倾斜中下部底板位移量及破坏深度大于倾斜上部，采空区底板应力由倾斜下部向倾斜上部逐渐递减。

（2）随工作面伪斜角增大，底板应力、位移极值与塑性区范围逐渐减小，峰值与最大塑性破坏位置逐渐向“平行四边形”采空区“钝角”处偏移。初采阶段软岩和软煤底板卸荷量、位移量和塑性破坏范围均大于硬岩底板，随推进距离增加差异越明显。软煤底板先产生塑性破坏，增加了软岩底板破坏程度，造成工作面倾斜中下部软岩底板位移量最大，形成沿走向呈对称型、沿倾向呈下大上小的非对称型破坏范围。

（3）通过构建大倾角长壁复合底板沿走向和沿倾向的力学模型，基于底板破坏判据得出破坏主要发生在采空区内，破坏程度为软岩与软煤底板大于硬岩底板，最大破坏位置位于软岩底板倾斜中下部区域。揭示了底板屈曲破坏机理，得出底板稳定-失稳状态与煤层倾角、工作面长度、底板层厚、冒落矸石充填效应和底板岩层物理力学属性等因素相关关系，计算出底板极限破坏滑移长度为58.8 m。

（4）现场实践表明，未采取措施时各区域支架均出现阻力降低现象，频率为倾斜中部最多、下部次之、上部最少。结合实验所得底板最大破坏滑移长度，提出对倾斜中下部距运输巷斜距60 m范围内复合底板采用浅孔与深孔联合注浆加固，倾斜上部增加支架初撑力的分区控制措施。各区域支架阻力增幅明显，支架让压次数显著减小且趋势变得平稳，底板稳定性得到有效控制。

The stability control of the floor is the basis to ensure the stability of the ' support-surrounding rock ' when mining the steeply inclined coal seam, especially the composite floor of the steeply inclined working face. During the mining process, problems such as slip failure and support toppling and sliding are prone to occur. Therefore, it is of theoretical and engineering significance to study the failure mechanism of composite floor in longwall pseudo-inclined stope of large dip angle coal seam to promote the safe mining of similar mines.

In this paper, the 3121^-22 working face of Taiping Coal Mine in Sichuan Province is taken as the engineering background. The deformation and failure mechanism of composite floor in large dip angle pseudo-inclined stope is systematically studied by means of physical similarity simulation experiment, numerical simulation, theoretical analysis and engineering practice. The results show that the deformation and failure mechanism of composite floor in large dip angle pseudo-inclined stope is studied：

(1) During the mining process of the 3121^-22 working face, under the action of mining unloading and the thrust of the inclined upper rock mass, the expansion floor heave of the inclined lower soft rock floor produces separation, the soft coal floor becomes broken, and the floor heave of the soft rock floor is aggravated. When the limit is reached, the soft rock floor is broken and the support structure cannot be formed and slipped. The slip range spreads upward, and the maximum failure slip length is 59.4 m. The fracture gradually extends to the hard rock floor. The displacement and failure depth of the floor in the middle and lower part of the inclination are greater than those in the upper part of the inclination. The stress of the floor in the goaf gradually decreases from the lower part of the inclination to the upper part of the inclination.

(2) With the increase of the pseudo-oblique angle of the working face, the extreme value of the floor stress and displacement and the range of the plastic zone gradually decrease, and the peak value and the maximum plastic failure position gradually shift to the ' obtuse angle ' of the ' parallelogram ' goaf. In the initial mining stage, the unloading amount, displacement and plastic failure range of soft rock and soft coal floor are larger than those of hard rock floor, and the difference is more obvious with the increase of advancing distance. The plastic failure of the soft coal floor first occurs, which increases the damage degree of the soft rock floor, resulting in the maximum displacement of the soft rock floor in the middle and lower part of the inclined working face, forming an asymmetric failure range with symmetrical along the strike and large in the lower and small in the upper along the tendency.

(3) By constructing the mechanical model of the large inclined long-wall composite floor along the strike and along the tendency, based on the floor failure criterion, it is concluded that the damage mainly occurs in the goaf, the damage degree is that the soft rock and soft coal floor is greater than the hard rock floor, and the maximum damage position is located in the middle and lower part of the soft rock floor. The mechanism of floor buckling failure is revealed, and the relationship between the stability-instability state of floor and the dip angle of coal seam, the length of working face, the thickness of floor, the filling effect of caving gangue and the physical and mechanical properties of floor strata is obtained. The ultimate failure slip length of floor is calculated to be 58.8 m.

(4) The field practice shows that when no measures are taken, the resistance of the supports in each area is reduced, and the frequency is the most in the middle of the inclination, the second in the lower part and the least in the upper part. Combined with the maximum failure slip length of the floor obtained from the experiment, it is proposed that the composite floor in the range of 60 m from the inclined middle and lower parts of the transportation roadway should be strengthened by shallow hole and deep hole combined grouting, and the upper part of the inclined part should be strengthened by the support setting force. The support resistance in each area increased significantly, the number of support yielding times decreased significantly and the trend became stable, and the stability of the bottom plate was effectively controlled.

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