随着信息化、数字化、智能化技术的快速发展，传统的矿山行业借助着相关技术逐步地转型和变革。但煤矿通信系统中的天线大多只能在单个频段内通信，在完成多个频段通信时，则需要多个天线，而多制式矿用天线实现一个天线可以在多个不相连的频段工作，大大减少天线的使用数量和在通信系统中占用的体积。在此背景下，本文在微带单极子天线的基础上，设计研究了可多频段工作、结构简单且辐射性能良好的多制式矿用微带天线，具体的工作内容如下：

（1）设计并加工测试了两款矿用WiFi/WiMAX/5G NR三频的微带天线，两款天线均采用厚度为0.8mm，材质为价格低廉的FR4的介质基板，第一款天线是以微带单极子天线为基础，通过加载一个矩形枝节和两个L型枝节，使得天线分别在2.5GHz、3.5GHz和4.8GHz产生谐振频率，从而满足设计目的。其中，第二款天线采用了S型、C型和倒L型枝节，充分利用了天线的表面空间，减小了枝节的纵向长度，使得天线变得更加紧凑同时，使得天线满足在WiFi/WiMAX/5G NR频段内通信的需求，且两款天线在工作频段内仿真和实测增益以及整体辐射性能表现良好。

（2）设计并加工测试了三款矿用WiFi/WiMAX/4G/5G NR三频的微带天线，三款天线均采用厚度为0.8mm，材质为FR4的介质基板。三款天线都是在矿用WiFi/WiMAX/5G NR三频段的微带天线基础上，分别采用了在天线表面增加两个新的L型枝节、一个无源耦合枝节以及地板加载一个L型枝节，从而展宽天线在低频处的带宽，实现了在矿用4G全频段的通信，满足天线在矿用WiFi/WiMAX/4G/5G NR设计需求。其中，考虑到第一款天线的枝节在低频处长度较长，采用无源耦合枝节可以很好利用天线的表面空间，减小枝节的纵向长度，使得天线变得紧凑，而采取地板加载枝节的方式则可以更好的利用天线的底层空间，相对于前两款天线来说，进一步使天线的变得更加紧凑。

（3）设计并加工测试了一款矿用WiFi/WiMAX/GSM/4G/5G NR四频的微带天线，天线是在矿用WiFi/WiMAX/5G NR三频段的微带天线的基础上，采用加载了倒L形枝节和倒J型枝节的目的是为了充分利用天线的空间分布使天线的变得更加紧凑。仿真结果表明：该天线的中间、右侧和左侧枝节分别产生了2.4GHz、3.5GHz和4.8GHz的谐振点，而在地板加载的倒J型枝节和L形枝节则提供了0.9GHz和2.0GHz的谐振点，天线可工作在四个频段，分别为0.88-0.94GHz、1.86-2.71GHz、3.35-3.70GHz和4.67-5.91GHz，能够有效覆盖WiFi/WiMAX/GSM/4G/5G NR煤矿井下全部的工作频段；且天线在所需的工作频段内增益性能和整体辐射性能良好。

所设计天线具有结构简单，加工成本低，辐射性能良好等优点，为多制式矿用微带天线的研究提供了一种可行的设计方法。

With the rapid development of information technology, digitization, and intelligence, the traditional mining industry is gradually transforming and transforming with the help of relevant technologies. However, most of the antennas used in coal mine communication systems can only communicate within a single frequency band. When completing communication across multiple frequency bands, multiple antennas are required. However, multi standard mining antennas enable one antenna to work in multiple disconnected frequency bands, greatly reducing the number of antennas used and the volume occupied in the communication system. In this context, based on microstrip monopole antennas, this thesis designs and studies a multi-standard mining microstrip antenna that can operate in multiple frequency bands, has a simple structure, and good radiation performance. The specific work content is as follows:

(1) Two mining WiFi/WiMAX/5G NR triple band microstrip antennas were designed, processed, and tested. Both antennas use a 0.8mm thick FR4 dielectric substrate, which is inexpensive. The first antenna is based on a microstrip monopole antenna. By loading a rectangular branch and two L-shaped branches, the antenna generates resonant frequencies at 2.5GHz, 3.5GHz, and 4.8GHz, respectively, to meet the design purpose. Among them, the second antenna adopts S-shaped, C-shaped, and inverted L-shaped branches, fully utilizing the surface space of the antenna, reducing the longitudinal length of the branches, making the antenna more compact. At the same time, the antenna meets the communication requirements in the WiFi/WiMAX/5G NR frequency band, and the two antennas perform well in simulation and measured gain and overall radiation performance in the operating frequency band.

(2) Three mining WiFi/WiMAX/4G/5G NR triple band microstrip antennas were designed, processed, and tested. All three antennas used a dielectric substrate with a thickness of 0.8mm and a material of FR4. The three antennas are all based on the mining WiFi/WiMAX/5G NR three band microstrip antennas. They use two new L-shaped branches added to the antenna surface, a passive coupling branch, and an L-shaped branch loaded on the floor to broaden the antenna bandwidth at low frequencies, achieving communication in the mining 4G full frequency band, and meeting the design requirements of the antenna in mining WiFi/WiMAX/4G/5G NR. Among them, considering that the branches of the first antenna have a longer length at low frequencies, using passive coupling branches can effectively utilize the surface space of the antenna, reduce the longitudinal length of the branches, and make the antenna compact. However, using floor loading branches can better utilize the bottom space of the skyline, further making the antenna more compact compared to the first two antennas.

(3) A mining WiFi/WiMAX/GSM/4G/5G NR four band microstrip antenna was designed and tested. The antenna is based on the mining WiFi/WiMAX/5G NR three band microstrip antenna, and is loaded with inverted L-shaped and inverted J-shaped branches to fully utilize the spatial distribution of the antenna and make it more compact. The simulation results show that the middle, right, and left branches of the antenna generate resonance points of 2.4GHz, 3.5GHz, and 4.8GHz, respectively, while the inverted J-shaped and L-shaped branches loaded on the floor provide resonance points of 0.9GHz and 2.0GHz. The antenna can operate in four frequency bands, namely 0.88-0.94GHz, 1.86-2.71GHz, 3.35-3.70GHz, and 4.67-5.91GHz, effectively covering all operating frequency bands of the WiFi/WiMAX/GSM/4G/5G NR coal mine underground; And the antenna has good gain performance and overall radiation performance within the required operating frequency band.

The designed antenna has the advantages of simple structure, low processing cost, and good radiation performance, providing a feasible design method for the research of multi standard mining microstrip antennas.

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