随着煤层开采深度的不断增加，特别是在煤层软、顶板软、受裂隙水等多因素影响的情况下，复合顶板巷道的支护越来越困难。澄合矿区山阳煤矿复合顶板的主要特点是煤岩岩性较软、直接顶分层厚度小、分层层数多、巷道维护困难。因此针对澄合矿区复合顶板巷道支护问题，本文以山阳煤矿5#煤层1501回风巷为工程背景，对复合顶板软岩巷道的破坏机理及支护问题进行了研究，总结了复合顶板软岩巷道的顶板破坏规律，提出了合理的支护方案。通过物理力学参数实验，分析了顶板各岩层的物理参数，并判定出上部砂质泥岩为膨胀岩，软岩的最大膨胀率为42.3%，最大膨胀应力为198.2kPa。同时采用钻孔窥视仪对1501工作面回风巷进行观测，得出巷道围岩松动范围两帮为1.5~2.8m，顶板为4~6.5m，复合顶板巷道围岩变形量两帮的最大收敛量达到351mm，顶板最大下沉量达到831mm，根据顶板覆岩的分布判定，顶板为“砂质泥岩+细粒砂岩+砂质泥岩”的复合顶板结构。通过理论分析，建立了山阳煤矿巷道复合顶板力学模型，推导得出复合顶板各岩层所受拉应力，并对各个岩层在受到膨胀应力作用下的稳定性进行了判别，得到山阳煤矿复合顶板回采巷道围岩失稳规律，原因是K4稳定岩层之下的软弱复合顶板由于吸水膨胀产生的膨胀应力和自重载荷作用容易产生挠曲变形破坏，同时对山阳煤矿原支护方案的可行性进行了分析；并由物理相似模拟实验可得，山阳煤矿复合顶板在原支护条件下受膨胀应力作用，巷道围岩的变形破坏严重，顶板下沉量最大值为836mm，两帮最大收敛量为356mm。在理论分析、实验研究的基础上进行了不同支护方案的数值模拟分析，提出了合理的支护方案，并通过现场实测分别对围岩运移情况和巷道的顶板及两帮的位移进行了分析，验证了新的支护方案能有效的抑制软岩巷道复合顶板的离层，减小顶板的破坏深度，取得了良好的支护效果，满足山阳煤矿复合顶板回采巷道稳定的控制要求。

With the continuous increase of coal seam mining depth, especially in the case of soft coal seam, soft roof, fissure water and other factors, the support of composite roof roadways is becoming more and more difficult. The main characteristics of the thick composite roof of ShanYang Mine in ChengHe Mining Area are soft lithology of coal rock, small thickness of direct top layering, large number of layers, and difficult maintenance of roadways. Therefore, in view of the problem of thick composite roof roadway support in ChengHe Mining Area, this paper takes the 5# coal seam 1501 track alley of ShanYang Coal Mine as the engineering background, studies the failure mechanism and support problem of thick composite roof soft rock roadway, summarizes the roof failure law of composite roof soft rock roadway, and proposes a reasonable support scheme.Through the physical and mechanical parameter experiments, the physical parameters of each rock layer of the roof plate were analyzed, and the upper sandy mud-stone was determined to be an expansion rock, the expansion rate of soft rock was 42.3%, and the maximum expansion stress was 198.2kPa. At the same time, the drilling peeping instrument was used to observe the 1501 working surface return wind alley, and it was obtained that the loosening range of the surrounding rock of the alley was 1.5 to 2.8m, the top plate was 4 to 6.5 m, the maximum convergence of the two gangs of the deformation of the composite roof roadway reached 351mm, and the maximum sinking amount of the top plate reached 831mm, and according to the distribution of the roof cover, the roof was a composite roof structure of "sandy mud-stone + fine sandstone + sandstone mud-stone".

Through theoretical analysis, the mechanical model of the composite roof of the roadway of ShanYang Coal Mine was established, the tensile stress of each rock layer of the composite roof plate was derived, and the stability of each rock layer under the action of expansion stress was judged, and the instability mechanism of the surrounding rock of the composite roof of the composite roof back mining roadway of ShanYang Coal Mine was obtained, which was the expansion stress and self-weight load of the weak composite roof plate under the K4 stable rock layer that were prone to flexion deformation damage due to the expansion stress and self-weight load of the water absorption expansion. Physical similar simulation experiments can be shown that the composite roof of ShanYang Coal Mine is subjected to expansion stress under the original support conditions, and the deformation and damage of the surrounding rock of the roadway is serious, and the maximum sinking amount of the roof plate is 836mm, and the maximum convergence of the two gangs is 356mm.

On the basis of theoretical analysis and experimental research, the numerical simulation analysis of different support schemes was carried out, a reasonable support scheme was proposed, and the surrounding rock transport situation and anchor rod (cable) force and the displacement of the roof plate and the two gangs of the roadway were analyzed through on-site measurement, which verified that the new support scheme could effectively inhibit the delamination of the composite roof plate of the soft rock roadway, reduce the failure depth of the roof plate, and achieve a good support effect, which met the control requirements of the stability of the composite roof of the ShanYang Coal Mine.

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