陕北黄土高原沟壑纵横、地形起伏大，岩土体破碎,崩塌、滑坡等突发性地质灾害频发，是陕西省地质灾害重点防范区。神木地处陕北黄土高原腹地北部，黄土梁峁沟壑发育，地质环境脆弱，地质灾害隐患点多面广，威胁着人民群众生命财产安全，一定程度上制约了市域经济和社会可持续发展。本文以神木市为研究区地质环境背景为基础，从地质灾害发育特征及分布规律的分析入手，采用层次分析法，构建判断矩阵，确定各影响因子的权重值，利用GIS的空间计算和分析功能，得出地质灾害易发性评价结果。通过降雨量影响因素与地质灾害易发性评价结果叠加，得到地质灾害危险性评价结果。利用1∶5万遥感数据提取房屋建筑、铁路、主要道路作为承灾体分布的主要依据，通过承灾体类型对研究区地质灾害的易损性进行分析。最终综合考虑地质灾害危险性和易损性评价结果，通过GIS叠加，得到地质灾害风险评价结果。通过本文的研究，最终取得以下成果：

（1）研究区现有地质灾害隐患点203处，其中，滑坡40处，崩塌163处。

（2）地质灾害在空间上具有在黄土粱峁区相对集中分布和沿河流沟谷两侧条带状展布的规律，地质灾害隐患点较集中分布于万镇、贺家川镇、马镇镇，且神木市地质灾害隐患点的分布随人口密度的增大呈正相关。在时间域上主要表现为，在地质历史时期，滑坡、崩塌在晚更新世末和全新世初期相对集中；在人类历史时期，滑坡、崩塌在人类活动强烈的时期相对集中；在一年之内，滑坡、崩塌在6～10月份雨季相对集中。

（3）神木市共划分为地质灾害高风险、中风险、低风险区3种级区，无极高风险区。其中地质灾害高风险区面积112.57km²，占调查区总面积的1.51%，共发育地质灾害隐患点62处；中风险区面积2333.64km²，占调查区总面积的31.22%，共发育地质灾害隐患点115处；低风险区面积5028.43km²，占调查区总面积的67.27%，共发育地质灾害隐患点26处。

The Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi is a key prevention area for geological disasters due to its crisscross and undulating terrain, broken rock and soil, frequent occurrence of sudden geological disasters such as collapses and landslides. Shenmu is located in the northern part of the hinterland of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi, with developed loess ridges, hills, and gullies. The geological environment is fragile, and geological hazards are numerous and widespread, posing a threat to the safety of people's lives and property. To some extent, it restricts the sustainable development of the city's economy and society. Based on the geological environment background of Shenmu City as the study area, starting from the analysis of the development characteristics and distribution laws of geological disasters, this paper uses the analytic hierarchy process to build a judgment matrix, determine the weight value of each impact factor, and use the spatial calculation and analysis functions of GIS to obtain the evaluation results of geological disaster vulnerability. By overlaying the factors affecting rainfall with the evaluation results of geological hazard susceptibility, the geological hazard risk assessment results are obtained. Using 1:50000 remote sensing data to extract buildings, railways, and main roads as the main basis for the distribution of disaster bearing bodies, the vulnerability of geological disasters in the study area was analyzed based on the types of disaster bearing bodies. Finally, taking into account the risk and vulnerability assessment results of geological disasters, the risk assessment results of geological disasters are obtained through GIS overlay. Through the research in this article, the following results were ultimately achieved:

(1) There are 203 potential geological hazard points in the research area, including 40 landslides and 163 collapses.

(2) In space, geological disasters are relatively concentrated in the loess Liangmao area and distributed in strips along both sides of rivers and valleys. Potential geological disasters are concentrated in Wanzhen Town, Hejiachuan Town and Mazhen Town, and the distribution of potential geological disasters in Shenmu City is positively correlated with the increase of population density. In the time domain, landslides and collapses were relatively concentrated at the end of the late Pleistocene and the early Holocene in the geological history; In human history, landslides and collapses were relatively concentrated during periods of intense human activity; Within a year, landslides and collapses are relatively concentrated during the rainy season from June to October.

(3) Shenmu is divided into three levels of areas with high risk, medium risk and low risk of geological disasters, without extremely high risk areas. Among them, the high-risk area of geological disasters covers an area of 112.57km2, accounting for 1.51% of the total area of the survey area, with a total of 62 potential geological hazard points developed; The medium risk area covers an area of 2333.64km2, accounting for 31.22% of the total surveyed area, with a total of 115 potential geological hazard points developed; The low-risk area covers an area of 5028.43km2, accounting for 67.27% of the total surveyed area, with a total of 26 potential geological hazard points developed.

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