本论文详述了偶氮和联苯衍生多脲受体的设计、合成、表征及其阴离子结合性能。本论文共包括四章，第一章是绪论部分，概述了阴离子识别的起源、阴离子的性质及其重要性、脲/硫脲类阴离子受体和其他阴离子受体的研究概况、选题目的及意义，最后是研究内容及技术路线。第二章设计并合成了偶氮苯衍生的脲类受体L¹−L⁴，通过阴离子比色法和紫外-可见吸收光谱研究了偶氮衍生的脲类受体对阴离子的结合性质。第三章设计并合成了联苯衍生的四脲受体L⁵-L⁷，并通过阴离子比色法和紫外-可见吸收光谱研究了联苯衍生的四脲受体对阴离子的结合性质。最后一章是全文总结。

主要内容如下：

       (1) 偶氮苯功能化的脲类受体的合成、表征及阴离子结合性质

        以4-硝基苯基异氰酸酯和4,4'-偶氮二苯胺为原料，合成了偶氮苯功能化的二脲受体L¹；以1,3-苯二异氰酸酯和4-氨基偶氮苯为原料，合成了偶氮苯功能化的二脲受体L²；以4-硝基苯基异氰酸酯和4-氨基偶氮苯为原料，合成了偶氮苯功能化的单脲受体L³；以4-氯苯基异氰酸酯和4-氨基偶氮苯为原料，合成了偶氮苯功能化的单脲受体L⁴；通过熔点、核磁共振氢谱（¹H NMR）、核磁共振碳谱（¹³C NMR）、红外光谱（FT-IR）和元素分析（EA）表征偶氮苯功能化的脲类受体。通过阴离子比色识别和紫外-可见吸收光谱（UV-Vis）研究了偶氮苯功能化的脲类受体的阴离子识别性质。阴离子比色识别表明：受体L¹和L²能够选择性识别磷酸根阴离子和氢氧根阴离子；受体L³能够选择性识别磷酸根阴离子、碳酸根阴离子和氟阴离子；受体L⁴能够选择性识别磷酸根阴离子。紫外-可见吸收光谱研究发现：受体L¹和L²能够选择性识别磷酸根阴离子和氢氧根阴离子；受体L³能够选择性识别磷酸根阴离子、碳酸根阴离子和氟阴离子；受体L⁴能够选择性识别磷酸根阴离子和硫酸根阴离子；受体与磷酸根阴离子结合强弱顺序为：L³>L⁴。

       (2) 联苯功能化的四脲受体的合成、表征及阴离子结合性质

        以4-硝基苯基异氰酸酯和3,3',4,4'-联苯四胺为原料，合成了联苯衍生的四脲受体L⁵；以4-氯苯基异氰酸酯和3,3',4,4'-联苯四胺为原料，合成了联苯衍生的四脲受体L⁶；以4-氰基苯基异氰酸酯和3,3',4,4'-联苯四胺为原料，合成了联苯衍生的四脲受体L⁷；以受体L⁵和四丁基硫酸铵反应，得到了配合物1；然后，通过熔点、核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱、红外光谱、元素分析、质谱（MS）及X-射线单晶衍射表征了联苯衍生的四脲受体和配合物1。X-射线单晶衍射分析表明：受体L⁵、硫酸根阴离子和TBA^＋通过N-H_（脲基）···O氢键，C-H_（TBA）···O氢键和C-H_（TBA）···π相互作用形成配合物1，配合物1含有一个受体L⁵，两个硫酸根离子和4个TBA^＋。配合物1通过受体L⁵末端硝基的氧原子连接形成大环结构，大环结构又通过受体L⁵之间的C-H···O型分子间氢键延伸为二维层面结构；阴离子比色识别表明：受体L⁵能够选择性识别磷酸根阴离子、硫酸根阴离子、碳酸根阴离子和氟阴离子；受体L⁷能够选择性识别磷酸根阴离子。紫外-可见光谱研究表明：受体L⁵能够选择性识别磷酸根阴离子、硫酸根阴离子、碳酸根阴离子和氟阴离子；受体L⁶选择性识别磷酸根阴离子和硫酸根阴离子；受体L⁷能够选择性识别磷酸根阴离子和硫酸根阴离子。受体与硫酸根阴离子结合强弱顺序为：L⁵>L⁷>L⁶；受体与磷酸根阴离子结合强弱顺序为：L⁵>L⁷>L⁶>L³>L⁴。

        This dissertation details the design, synthesis, characterization and anion-binding properties of azo- and biphenyl-derived multiurea receptors. There are four chapters in this dissertation. The first is the introduction section, including the origin of anion recognition, the properties and significance of anions, the research overview of urea or thiourea anion receptors and other anion receptors, the aim of this dissertation and finally the research content in this dissertation and technology route. In chapter two, azobenzene-derived urea receptors L¹-L⁴ were designed and synthesized, and the binding properties of azo-derived urea receptors to anions were further investigated by anion colorimetry and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. In chapter three, biphenyl-derived urea receptors L⁵-L⁷ were designed and synthesized, and the binding properties of biphenyl-derived tetraurea receptors to anions were studied by anion colorimetry and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The last chapter is the conclusion of this dissertation.

    The main contents of this dissertation are as follows:

     (1) Synthesis, characterization and anion-binding properties of azobenzene-function-alized urea receptors

     Azobenzene-derived diurea receptor L¹ was synthesized by using 4-nitrophenyl isocyanate and 4,4'-azodiphenylamine as raw materials; Azobenzene-derived diurea receptor L² was synthesized by using 1,3-phenylenediisocyanate and 4-aminoazobenzene as raw materials; Azobenzene-derived monourea receptor L³ was synthesized by using 4-nitrophenyl isocyanate and 4-aminoazobenzene as raw materials; The azobenzene-derived monourea receptor L⁴ was synthesized by using 4-nitrophenyl isocyanate and 4-aminoazobenzene as raw materials; Then, the azobenzene-derived receptors were characterized by melting point, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, FT-IR and elemental analysis. The anion recognition properties of azobenzene-functionalized urea receptors were investigated by anion colorimetric recognition and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. Anion colorimetric recognition showed that: Receptors L¹ and L² can selectively recognize phosphate anion and hydroxide anion; Receptor L³ can selectively recognize phosphate anion, carbonate anion and fluoride anion; Receptor L⁴ can selectively recognize phosphate anion. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy studies found that receptors L¹ and L² could selectively recognize phosphate anion and hydroxide anion; Receptor L³ can selectively recognize phosphate anion, carbonate anion and fluoride anion; Receptor L⁴ can selectively recognize of phosphate anion and sulfate anion; The order of binding strength between receptors and phosphate anion is L³>L⁴.

     (2) Synthesis, characterization and anion-binding properties of biphenyl- functionali-zed tetraurea receptors

     Biphenyl-derived tetraurea receptor L⁵ was synthesized by using 4-nitrophenyl isocyanate and 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetramine as raw materials; Biphenyl-derived tetraurea receptor L⁶ was synthesized by using 4-chlorophenyl isocyanate and 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetramine as raw material; Biphenyl-derived tetraurea receptor L⁷ was synthesized by using 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetramine and 4-cyanophenyl isocyanate as raw material; Complex 1 was obtained by the reaction of receptor L⁵ with tetrabutylammonium sulfate; Then, the biphenyl-derived urea receptors and complex 1 were characterized by melting point, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, MS, FT-IR, EA and X-ray single crystal diffractometer. X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis showed that complex 1 was formed through the receptor L⁵ with sulfate anion and TBA^＋ through N-H(urea)···O hydrogen bond, C-H_(TBA)···O hydrogen bond and C-H_(TBA)···π interactions. In complex 1, there is one receptor L⁵, two sulfate ions and four TBA^＋. The complex 1 is connected by the oxygen atom of the nitro group at the end of the receptor L⁵ to form macrocyclic structure. Then the macrocyclic structure is extended into a two-dimensional level structure through the C-H···O type intermolecular hydrogen bond between the receptor L⁵. Anion colorimetric recognition shows that: Receptor L⁵ can selectively recognize phosphate anion, sulfate anion, carbonate anion and fluoride anion; Receptor L⁷ can selectively recognize phosphate ion and sulfate ion. UV-Vis spectroscopy studies show that: Receptor L⁵ can selectively recognize phosphate anion, sulfate anion, carbonate anion and fluoride anion; Receptor L⁶ can selectively recognize phosphate anion and sulfate anion; Receptor L⁷ can selectively recognize phosphate anion and sulfate anion. The order of the binding strength of the receptor and the sulfate anion is L⁵>L⁷>L⁶; The order of the binding strength of the receptor and the phosphate anion is L⁵>L⁷>L⁶>L³>L⁴.

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