根据浅埋煤层单一关键层长壁开采时工作面剧烈的矿压显现，在总结、分析前人研究的基础上，对浅埋煤层顶板破断运动基本规律、结构特征、结构稳定性的影响因素、采高与顶板稳定性的关系进行了探讨。应用力学相关原理，并结合物理相似模拟试验对顶板的初次及周期破断机理和破断步距进行分析。通过理论计算和数值模拟相结合的方法重点对顶板周期破断步距进行预测，并结合现场实测结果确定预测的可靠性。由顶板关键层初次破断后所形成结构的不平衡性和运动特征，用初始后屈曲理论探讨了开采过程中顶板关键层后屈曲性态并进行了分析，确定了其运动形态是由顶板破断后的极限下沉量和非平衡状态下岩块间的水平推力决定，研究发现顶板初次破断后岩块可以出现三种运动形式：其一为沿煤壁切落发生台阶下沉；其二为回转失稳；其三为断裂下沉触矸后发生逆向回转并最终导致台阶下沉，并给出了发生相应运动形态的判据。采高是影响顶板结构稳定性的重要因素之一，在顶板岩层稳定状态下分别对有、无支护条件下采场的开采高度进行了分析。结果表明，无支护时需重点控制岩块的滑落失稳，开采高度应由顶板破断后的断裂下沉量确定；有支护时需重点控制岩块的回转失稳，开采高度应由岩块的最大回转角确定。文章的研究工作对进一步探讨浅埋煤层采场矿压控制理论、采场支护理论提供了一定的依据。

According to intense pressure behavior of the mine working face in shallow coal seam longwall mining of single key stratum, on the basis of previous studies, discuss the basic laws motion of roof breaking, characteristics of structure, the influencing factor of structure stability and the mining stability of relationship between height and roof in shallow seam. Apply the relevant principles of mechanics and combined with the experiment of physical similarity simulation, analysis the breaking step and mechanism of roof in the first weighting and periodic weighting, with the method of combining theoretical calculation and numerical simulation to predict the breaking step in periodic weighting of roof, according to the result of field test to determine the reliability of prediction. The reason of the non-equilibrium characteristics and the motion properties of the broken key stratum in the first weighting, apply the initial post-buckling theory to analysis the roof post-buckling behavior of critical lays in mining process, the motion properties is determined by the terminal subsidence of rock blocks and the horizontal force between rock and rock in non-equilibrium, the study found that there are three kinds of movement forms may occurred after the first weighting: the firstly is the rock blocks cut down along the coal wall and occurred step convergence at last; the secondly is occurred rotary instability of rock blocks after main roof breaking; the thirdly is occurred reverse rotation and lead to step convergence after the rock block touch gangue, and give the criterion of occur corresponding patterns of movement. The mining height is one of the main factors to control the stability of the structural of roof, under the steady of structural of roof to determine the mining height in condition of supporting and unsupported, the results show that the rock can slide from the coal wall in condition of unsupported , the mining height is determined by the subsidence of rock after it breaking; the rock can also occur rotary instability in condition of supporting, the mining height is determined by maximum rotation angle of rock. It provides the certain of basis to research control theory in rock pressure of stope and support theory of stope in further.