黄河流域具有温差悬殊、日照强、湿度小、降水集中且年际变化大等特点，科学测算气象因素对黄河流域地区居民电力需求的影响，可有效规避能源转型背景下由于可再生能源的波动性造成的电力不稳定现象，优化地区电力空间布局、保障居民用电。当前研究侧重于工商业领域，较少考虑空间差异影响，对黄河流域居民电力需求研究不足。为此，本文基于2006-2019年黄河流域61个城市的面板数据，采用计量经济学方法与模型，考虑空间差异和空间溢出效应，研究气象因素对黄河流域地区居民电力需求的影响，主要工作和研究结论如下：

（1）梳理了气象因素对电力需求的影响因素、表现及方法，界定相关概念和理论基础，分析黄河流域气候特征和居民电力需求现状，确定影响居民电力需求的因素。

（2）构建气象因素非线性趋势项和气象因素交互项的面板固定效应模型。结果显示气象因素对上中下游居民用电的非线性关系，气象因素的交互作用对不同地区居民电力需求具有协同或抑制作用；构建气象因素与居民电力需求影响的空间杜宾模型。验证了气象因素对黄河流域居民电力需求的显著空间相关性，在不同气象因素影响下，上中下游地区居民用电的空间溢出效应不同。

（3）提出充分利用气象资源分布优势和电力分布空间集聚效应，制定差异化措施、完善区域电力联动机制，优化电力空间布局、推动居民形成节能意识和行为等对策建议。

上述研究补充和完善了气象因素对黄河流域居民电力需求影响的空间效应视角，对适应和缓解气候对电力需求的影响具有一定的参考价值，为加强黄河流域地区的居民电力规划和缩小区域差异提供了依据。

The Yellow River Basin is characterized by wide temperature difference, strong sunshine, low humidity, concentrated precipitation with large interannual changes. Measuring the impact of meteorological factors on residential power consumption can effectively avoid the power instability, optimize the spatial layout of power, and ensure the power consumption of residents. The current research mainly focuses on the industrial and commercial field, less considering the impact of spatial differences, especially in the Yellow River Basin. Therefore, based on the panel data of 61 cities from 2006 to 2019, adopted econometric methods and models, considered spatial differences and spatial spillover effects,studied the effects of meteorological factors on Residents' power demand in the Yellow River basin.The main work and research conclusions are as follows:

Comb the influencing factors and main manifestations of meteorological factors on power demand, define the relevant concepts and theoretical, analyze the climate characteristics and the current situation of residential power consumption, determine the factors affecting the power demand of residents in the Yellow River Basin.

Construct the panel fixed effect model, introduced nonlinear trend term and interaction term of meteorological factors. The results show the non-linear relationship between meteorological factors and residential power consumption, and the interaction between meteorological factors can promote or inhibit residential power consumption in different areas; Construct the spatial Durbin model, verified the significant spatial correlation between meteorological factors and residential power demand, and the spatial spillover effects of residential power consumption are different under the influence of different meteorological factors in the upper, middle and lower reaches.

Propose to make full use of the distribution advantages of meteorological resources and the spatial agglomeration effect of power, formulate differentiation measures, improve the regional power linkage mechanism, optimize the spatial layout of power, and promote residents' awareness and behavior of energy conservation.

The above research complements and perfects the research perspective of the spatial effect of meteorological factors on the residents' power demand. It has certain reference value for adapting and mitigating the impact of climate on power demand, and provides a basis for strengthening the residents' power planning and reducing regional differences.

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