航空安全作为航空工业的一个重要方面，不仅体现在保障人类生命安全和财产安全方面，还涉及到经济、科技、国际合作以及环境等多个方面的发展。然而，近年来，中国航空安全事故较为频发，给航空安全领域带来诸多挑战。由Alan J. Stolzer，Robert L. Sumwalt以及John J. Goglia合著的Safety Management Systems in Aviation对此有着深入的研究，该书系统介绍了航空安全管理中存在的一些问题并给出解决方案，对于我国航空安全发展具有重要借鉴意义。

译者选取本书的第3章、第5章及第14章作为本次的翻译实践的源文本。航空科技类文本属于信息型文本，该类型文本注重传递原文事实、知识、观点等，语言客观、严谨。彼得·纽马克提出了文本类型理论，并将所有文本划分为三种类型：表达型文本、信息型文本、呼唤型文本。本报告在纽马克文本类型理论指导下，基于语义翻译和交际翻译两大原则探讨信息型科技文本的翻译方法和技巧，旨在向读者真实传递原文信息。

语义翻译强调以原文的语义和句法结构为中心，而零翻译一般是在词汇层面实现的，能够保留原文基本语义，同时不会破坏原文句法结构，因此在语义翻译指导原则下，可用零翻译的翻译方法，具体表现在省译、音译加注、移译等方面。交际翻译重在突出译文的效果，不受原文字面意思和句法结构的束缚，因此可用词性转换、分译、语态转换等翻译技巧增强译文的交际功能与可接受性。本实践报告有助于提升译者在处理信息型科技文本时的翻译能力，让译者对纽马克文本类型理论指导下的翻译方法和技巧有更深一步的了解。

Aviation safety, as an essential aspect of the aviation industry, is not only reflected in ensuring the safety of human lives and properties but also involves various aspects of development such as economy, technology, international cooperation, and the environment. However, recent years have witnessed frequent aviation safety accidents in China, posing numerous challenges to the aviation safety field. The book Safety Management Systems in Aviation, co-authored by Alan J. Stolzer, Robert L. Sumwalt and John J. Goglia, has conducted in-depth research on this issue. The book systematically introduces several existing problems in aviation safety management and provides solutions, which are of significant reference value for the development of aviation safety in China.

The translator has selected the third, fifth and fourteenth chapter of this book as the source text for this translation practice. Texts related to aviation technology belong to informative texts, which focus on the transmission of original facts, knowledge, views, etc., and the language is required to be objective and rigorous. Based on the Newmark’s text typology theory, the report explores the translation methods and techniques for informative technical texts based on the principles of semantic translation and communicative translation, aiming to convey the original information truthfully to the readers.

Semantic translation places emphasis on the source text’s semantic and syntactic structure, while zero translation is generally achieved at the lexical level, which allows for the preservation of the basic semantic meaning of the source text without disrupting its syntactic structure. Therefore, under the guidance of the principles of semantic translation, zero translation methods such as omission, transliteration plus annotation, and transference can be employed. On the other hand, communicative translation aims to highlight the effectiveness of the target text, and it is not bound by the literal meaning and syntactic structure of the source text. Consequently, translation techniques such as part-of-speech conversion, division, and voice conversion can be utilized to enhance the communicative function and acceptability of the target text. The report contributes to enhancing translator’s translation abilities in dealing with informative technical texts, so as to gain a deeper understanding of the translation methods and skills under the guidance of Newmark’s text typology theory.