摘 要 我国伊利石分布广、储量大、品质优良。虽然伊利石在很多方面已有成功应用，但以伊利石为原料制备絮凝剂还未见报道。我国水资源匮乏，污水总量持续增加，污水处理刻不容缓，作为水处理关键环节絮凝沉淀所用药剂-絮凝剂的研究有待进一步加强。伊利石属于高铝粘土，以伊利石为原料，通过湿法沉降去杂后用于聚合氯化铝铁絮凝剂的制备，既可以充分发挥其高铝特性，为伊利石利用开拓了新的思路；也为无机高分子絮凝剂的制备找寻到了新的原料。 首先对伊利石原矿进行捣浆试验，获得最佳的捣浆条件为：捣浆速度2000rpm、捣浆时间90min，分散剂用量0.9%；然后对浆液进行自然沉降分级，共分出三个粒级即-2μm、-5μm、-10μm；再分别对这三个粒级进行化学成分、粒度、XRD分析。结果表明，所有三个粒级的石英均已被有效去除，SiO2含量降低，Al2O3含量升高分级效果良好。由于沉降后-10μm粒级的产率特别高在90%以上，且沉降一次只需要19min，经过沉降后的产品Al2O3含量明显增高，所以采用分级后-10μm粒级产品作为下一步制备聚合氯化铝铁絮凝剂的原料。 分别采用直接煅烧和加碱（助熔）煅烧法对提纯后的伊利石进行活化试验，结果表明，助熔法有助于伊利石晶体结构的解体和铝的溶出，助溶效果好坏依次为：碳酸钠>氟化钠>直接煅烧。 将伊利石与碳酸钠混合煅烧、并用盐酸进行酸浸试验。通过单因素和正交试验探讨煅烧活化温度、煅烧时间和碱矿比，以及酸浸时的固液比、盐酸浓度、酸浸时间、酸浸温度对伊利石Al浸出率的影响。结果发现，影响伊利石Al浸出率的主次因素顺序为：液固比>碱矿比>HCl浓度>酸浸时间>煅烧温度>酸浸温度>煅烧时间；Al浸出率的优化条件为：煅烧温度900℃、煅烧时间2h、碱矿比4:10、酸浸温度70℃、酸浸时间1h、HCl浓度20%和液固比5:1。在最优实验条件下，酸浸反应滤液的化学成分：Al2O3，22.15(mg/10mL)；Fe2O3，1.08(mg/10mL)；SiO2，0.24(mg/10mL)；TiO2，0.65(mg/10mL)。Al2O3的浸出率为91%。 以酸浸滤液为原料，以浊度去除率为指标，制备PAFC。最佳条件为：反应pH=3.5，铝铁比5:1，反应温度80℃，反应时间为3.5h。制备出的固体聚合氯化铝铁产品为棕褐色，产品中Al2O3含量为27.79%、Fe2O3含量为3.84%、盐基度为79.36%；通过IR、TG-DTG、SEM进行表征，产品羟基含量高、聚合度良好，其相关指标均达到企业指标要求。

ABSTRACT The illite distribution is wide, the reserves are large and the quality is good in China. Although illite has been successfully used in many aspects, it has not been reported that using illite as raw material to prepare flocculant. Scarcity of water resources in China, the total amount of sewage continues to increase, the sewage treatment is no delay, as the key part of water treatment, flocculation and precipitation of the use of reagent - flocculant research needs to be further strengthened. Illite belongs to high alumina clay, illite as raw material, by wet settlement to the complex after preparation for PAFC. It can fully exert its high aluminum characteristics, and it has opened up a new way for the utilization of illite. It also is a new material for the preparation of inorganic polymer flocculant. First, illite ore were beaten pulp test, get the best conditions for the chopped pulp: beaten pulp speed 2000rpm, chopped pulp time 90min, the amount of dispersant 0.9%; then the slurry natural sedimentation classification, divided into the three size fractions that -2μm, -5μm, -10μm; then the chemical composition, particle size and XRD analysis were carried out on the three particles. The results showed that all three size fractions of quartz have been effectively removed, SiO2 content decreased, Al2O3 content increased. Since the settlement after grain yield is particularly high in more than 90%, and the settling time need only 19min, through product Al2O3 content increased significantly after the settlement, so the use of the product after grain size classification -10μm chloride polymerization prepared as a next step ferric raw materials. Respectively by direct calcination and alkali (flux) calcination method of purified illite of activation test. The results showed that the flux method is helpful to the disintegration of illite crystal structure and aluminum dissolution, solubilization effect is good or bad, followed by carbonate sodium > sodium fluoride > direct calcination. The illite mixed with sodium carbonate calcination, after hydrochloric acid leaching test. Through single factor and orthogonal test, the effects of calcination activation temperature, calcination time and alkali ratio, solid-liquid ratio, hydrochloric acid concentration, acid leaching time and acid leaching temperature on the leaching rate of Al were discussed. It was found that primary and secondary factors affect the order of illite Al leaching rates are as follows: liquid to solid ratio> ratio of alkali to ore> HCl concentration> leaching time> calcination temperature> leaching temperature> calcination time; The optimization conditions of Al leaching rate were as follows: calcination temperature 900℃, calcination time 2h, ratio of alkali to ore 4:10, leaching temperature 70℃, leaching time 1h, HCl concentration 20% and liquid to solid ratio 5:1. Under optimal conditions, the acid leaching reaction filtrate chemical composition: Al2O3 22.15(mg/10mL); Fe2O3 1.08(mg/10mL); SiO2 0.24(mg/10mL); TiO2 0.65(mg/10mL) . The leaching rate of Al2O3 was 91%. The acid leaching filtrate as raw materials to prepare PAFC. The turbidity removal rate as the index. The optimum conditions were: reaction pH=3.5, ferric ratio of 5:1, the reaction temperature is 80℃, reaction time 3.5h. The prepared product as a tan solid ferric chloride, Al2O3 content of 27.79%, Fe2O3 content of 3.84%, basicity of 79.36%; and characterized by IR, TG-DTG, SEM, products of high hydroxyl content, a good degree of polymerization, the relevant indicators have reached the requirements of business indicators.