煤炭资源在我国能源结构和国民经济中占有极为重要的地位，煤炭安全开采是保障人员安全、资源安全和经济健康发展的基石，同时，也是全社会关注的焦点，学者和工程师研究的重点。在浅埋煤炭资源开采工作面通过上覆基岩较薄且上覆富水松散区域时，有发生矿井突水溃砂的潜在威胁，在生产实践中已发生多起矿井突水溃砂事故，造成巨大的人力、物力和财力损失，突水溃砂灾害已成为影响浅埋煤炭资源安全开采的关键问题之一。 突水溃砂是由浅埋深、薄基岩、富含潜水的厚松散覆盖层这种特殊的水文工程地质环境决定的，涉及采区工程地质构造、水文地质、工程地质、煤层、覆岩等条件以及开采方式等诸多方面的因素。本文从薄基岩、浅埋煤层、富水松散层和开采条件的特点入手，分析了突水溃砂的影响因素，建立了突水溃砂灾害的力学分析模型，并依此为基础提出了突水溃砂灾害的防治技术。将该项防治技术应用于神东矿区哈拉沟煤矿22404综采工作面过沟开采工程中，成功预防了突水溃砂灾害的发生，保障了工作面顺利安全通过，取得了良好的技术、经济和社会效应。 本文通过研究主要获得以下成果： （1）根据哈拉沟煤矿22404综采工作面工程地质与水文地质条件及开采特点，分析了突水溃砂的影响因素及发生机理。总结出发生突水溃砂现象必须具备四方面条件，即物源（富含潜水的厚松散覆盖层）、动力源（高潜水水头）、通道（薄基岩断裂缝）、储存空间（采空区），且水压力是使含水砂层发生突水溃砂的根本原因，当顶板薄基岩发生断裂，动水压力达到某一临界值后，就会造成大量的水砂混合流溃入巷道和采空区。 （2）分析了哈拉沟煤矿22404综采工作面的突水溃砂综合条件。哈拉沟煤矿2-2煤层22404工作面宽260m，在通过哈拉沟采区段，煤层埋深42～54m，采高为4.2m，基岩厚度有20～40m，松散层厚22 m，基岩厚度为采高的4.8倍，采动裂隙可直接沟通至地表。因此开采区域属于浅埋、薄基岩、厚富水松散砂层的范畴，当工作面通过哈拉沟时，极易发生突水溃砂灾害。 （3）理论计算和实测分析了哈拉沟煤矿22404综采工作面的矿压显现规律。通过理论计算及现场观测，得出22404工作面老顶首次来压计算步距50～60m，实测步距66m，周期来压计算步距21～28m，实测步距16～19m。 （4）理论计算分析哈拉沟22404综采工作面突水溃砂的水力条件。研究给出临界水力坡度及临界水头高度的计算方法，对哈拉沟煤矿22404综采工作面过哈拉沟段的突水溃砂危险性进行了预测计算，判定该段在初始状态下有突水溃砂危险。 （5）提出突水溃砂的综合防治技术。综合分析突水溃砂的影响因素及形成条件，提出以井下疏放水改变上覆地层水力条件及注浆改造松散层胶结状态的综合防治技术，并详细阐述了各类技术措施的防治原理。 （6）理论及技术实践验证，指导哈拉沟22404综采工作面过沟开采。将突水溃砂致灾理论分析成果及防治技术综合应用于哈拉沟煤矿22404综采工作面过哈拉沟段浅埋煤层开采，在严格执行防治技术方案的条件下，成功预防了突水溃砂事故，最终保证了22404综采工作面顺利通过哈拉沟。

Coal the most important resource in China’s energy consumption plays a decisive role in China’s economy development. Safe mining is the solid foundation of miners’ life, resource security and healthy economy development, at the same time it is the focus of society concern and experts and engineers research. When shallow buried coal seam excavates under thin overlying rock and water-rich loose area, there are several sand inrush and water blasting accidents have happened in China which has caused huge property loss and casualty. Sand inrush and water blasting has been one of the key problems of shallow buried coal mining. Sand inrush and water blasting can happen is because of the special geological and hydrological engineering condition of shallow buried, thin overlying rock and water-rich loose strata. It involves geological structure, hydrogeology and engineering geology, coal seam, overburden and mining technics, etc. This paper systematically analyzed the influence factors and obtained the mechanism of sand inrush and water blasting from this special mining condition view. Based on the analysis results, the author set up a mechanical model and provides a method for prevention and control of sand inrush and water blasting. The method was applied in a comprehensive long-wall panel at Shendong Halagou coal mine and it successfully prevented the accident. This prevention and control technics has gained good technical, economic and social effects. This paper’s main research results are below: (1) Through systematically analyzing of the engineering geological and hydrological condition and the mining method of 22404 long-wall panel of Halagou coal mine, this paper gets the influence factors and mechanism of sand inrush and water blasting. There are four requisites of the happening of sand inrush and water blasting which are supply (loose overburden), motive source (high phreatic water level), passage (thin overlying rock fracture) and storage capacity (mine gobs). When the roof bedrock fractures and the water pressure gets the threshold value, sand and water will inrush into roadway and gobs through the fracture. (2) Analyze the sand inrush and water blasting condition of 22404 comprehensive stope at Halagou coal mine. 22404 comprehensive stope is 260 meters wide and the coal buried depth under Halagou ditch is about 42m to 45m and its mining height is 4.2m. The mining-induced fracture develops directly to the surface. Therefore, 22404 stope belongs to the special condition of shallow buried and thin overlying bedrock and water-rich loose sand layer. So, sand inrush and water blasting may happen when mining under Halagou ditch. (3) Theoretically calculate and measurement analyze the roof behavior of 22040 comprehensive stope at Halagou coal mine. The calculated first weighting interval of the main roof is 50m to 60m while the monitoring data is 66m. The calculated periodic weighting interval is 21m to 28m while the monitoring data is 16m to 19m. (4) Theoretically calculate and analyze the sand inrush and water blasting water pressure condition of 22404 stope of Halagou coal mine. This paper provides a feasible calculation method of threshold hydraulic gradient and water level and calculated the hydraulic gradient of 22404 stope. The calculated result shows sand inrush and water blasting may happen. (5) Provide an integrated technics of prevention and control of sand inrush and water blasting. This paper suggests using dewatering and grouting to prevent and control sand inrush and water blasting through comprehensive analysis of the influence factors. Also this paper explains the basic principle of different prevention and control technics in detail. (6) Application of the prevention and control technics at 22404 stope of Halagou coal mine. The author implemented the theoretic results and integrated prevention and control technics at 22404 stope. The sand inrush and water blasting accident was successfully prevented by strict implementation of the technics.