摘要：我国西部矿区立井施工过程中，为保证富水弱胶结洛河组砂岩地层中井筒施工的安全，采用人工冻结法进行井筒施工，但冻结壁常经受冻结损伤、裂隙及长期荷载共同作用下而产生较大的蠕变变形，特别是解冻后其蠕变变形程度不断加剧，进而引发井筒变形破裂、局部漏水及渗水淹井等灾害，从而影响煤矿立井的长期安全运行。因此，本文探究了洛河组裂隙砂岩解冻后蠕变损伤特性，建立了洛河组裂隙砂岩解冻后蠕变失效破坏时间预测模型，对洛河组砂岩冻结立井解冻后的蠕变变形规律、稳定性评价及灾害防治具有重要的理论价值和工程意义。主要研究结论如下：

（1）完成了常温下裂隙砂岩单轴及三轴压缩试验、解冻后裂隙砂岩单轴及三轴压缩试验及声发射试验。单轴压缩下裂隙砂岩的破坏模式主要为张拉破坏，三轴压缩下裂隙砂岩的破坏模式主要为剪切破坏。声发射振铃计数塑性阶段岩样的声发射振铃计数表现为“突增-平静-突增”的特性，同时随着围压的增大，裂隙砂岩峰值强度、扩容应力均有所提高，声发射信号强度逐渐减小，反翼裂纹破裂角度逐渐增大。随着冻结温度的不断降低，解冻后裂隙砂岩的纵波波速降低率不断增加，饱和质量增长率不断增大，同时裂隙砂岩峰值强度、扩容应力逐渐减小，三轴压缩下岩样的声发射活动强度逐渐减小。

（2）完成了不同冻结温度和围压下裂隙砂岩分级加载蠕变试验、蠕变试验前后裂隙砂岩核磁共振试验。随着应力水平的增加，砂岩的瞬时应变量呈先减小后增大的趋势，蠕变应变呈增大的趋势。冻融作用和围压作用均会导致解冻后裂隙砂岩蠕变变形逐渐增加，第三级荷载水平下蠕变应变率逐渐增大。单轴蠕变压缩下裂隙砂岩的破坏模式为张剪复合破坏，三轴蠕变压缩下裂隙砂岩的破坏模式为剪切破坏。长期荷载作用下岩样结构难以形成超大孔隙，并且较破坏前裂隙砂岩蠕变破坏后T₂谱面积降低率呈增大趋势，结构内部微孔结构受损程度加剧。

（3）完成了不同冻结温度和围压下裂隙砂岩蠕变破坏过程中能量演化规律及蠕变过程中声发射监测试验。冻融作用和围压作用均会导致岩样峰值点总能量、耗散能、耗散能突变幅度逐渐增大，从而导致岩样内部结构损伤程度加剧，但冻结温度的降低会使得岩样峰值点弹性能占比逐渐减小，围压的增大会使得弹性能占比呈先增大后减小的趋势。同时构建了解冻后裂隙砂岩蠕变耗散能自我促进-抑制演化模型。冻结温度和围压的变化均会影响声发射累积振铃计数的分布特征，岩石的声发射振铃计数一定程度上可以反映长期荷载作用下岩样蠕变峰值点储能极限的变化。

（4）基于响应量临界幂律加速发展的前兆特征，对岩石进行蠕变破坏时间预测。裂隙砂岩在临界蠕变破坏时损伤变量增长速率和加速度均出现突增式上升现象，蠕变损伤程度不断增加，并计算出了冻结-解冻条件下分级蠕变加载下裂隙砂岩蠕变临界幂律指数，冻融作用和围压作用会促进裂隙砂岩蠕变损伤变量临界幂律奇异性特征。利用裂隙砂岩能量损伤变量临界奇异性特征来预测蠕变破坏时间，并建立了裂隙砂岩蠕变破坏时间预测模型，并验证了本文所建立的裂隙砂岩蠕变破坏预测模型的可靠性。

Abstract: In the process of shaft construction in the mining area of western China, in order to ensure the safety of shaft construction in the sandstone stratum of the Luohe Formation with rich water and weak cementation, the artificial freezing method is used for shaft construction. However, the frozen wall is often subjected to freezing damage, cracks and long-term load. Under the joint action of large creep deformation, especially after thawing, the degree of creep deformation is increasing, which in turn causes disasters such as shaft deformation and fracture, local leakage and seepage flooding, thus affecting the long-term safe operation of coal mine shafts. Therefore, this paper explores the creep damage characteristics of fractured sandstone in Luohe Formation after thawing, and establishes a prediction model of creep failure time of fractured sandstone in Luohe Formation after thawing. It has important theoretical value and engineering significance for creep deformation law, stability evaluation and disaster prevention and control of frozen shaft in Luohe Formation after thawing. The main conclusions are as follows:

（1）The uniaxial and triaxial compression tests of fractured sandstone at room temperature, uniaxial and triaxial compression tests of fractured sandstone after thawing and acoustic emission tests were completed. The failure mode of fractured sandstone under uniaxial compression is mainly tensile failure, and the failure mode of fractured sandstone under triaxial compression is mainly shear failure. Acoustic emission ringing countThe acoustic emission ringing count of rock samples in the plastic stage shows the characteristics of ' sudden increase-quiet-sudden increase '. At the same time, with the increase of confining pressure, the peak strength and dilatancy stress of fractured sandstone increase, the intensity of acoustic emission signal decreases gradually, and the rupture angle of anti-wing crack increases gradually. With the decrease of freezing temperature, the decrease rate of longitudinal wave velocity of fractured sandstone after thawing increases, and the growth rate of saturated mass increases. At the same time, the peak strength and dilatancy stress of fractured sandstone decrease gradually, and the intensity of acoustic emission activity of rock samples under triaxial compression decreases gradually.

（2）The graded loading creep test of fractured sandstone under different freezing temperatures and confining pressures and the nuclear magnetic resonance test of fractured sandstone before and after creep test were completed. With the increase of stress level, the instantaneous strain of sandstone decreases first and then increases, and the creep strain increases. Both freeze-thaw action and confining pressure will lead to the gradual increase of creep deformation of fractured sandstone after thawing, and the creep strain rate increases gradually under the third load level. The failure mode of fractured sandstone under uniaxial creep compression is tensile-shear composite failure, and the failure mode of fractured sandstone under triaxial creep compression is shear failure. Under the long-term load, it is difficult for the rock sample structure to form super-large pores, and the reduction rate of T2 spectrum area after creep failure of fractured sandstone before failure shows an increasing trend, and the damage degree of micropore structure inside the structure is aggravated.

（3）The energy evolution law in the creep failure process of fractured sandstone under different freezing temperatures and confining pressures and the acoustic emission monitoring test in the creep process were completed. The results show that both freeze-thaw action and confining pressure will lead to the gradual increase of the total energy, dissipated energy and dissipated energy at the peak point of the rock sample, which will lead to the increase of the damage degree of the internal structure of the rock sample. However, the decrease of freezing temperature will make the proportion of elastic energy at the peak point of the rock sample gradually decrease, and the increase of confining pressure will make the proportion of elastic energy increase first and then decrease. At the same time, the creep dissipation energy self-promotion-inhibition evolution model of fractured sandstone after thawing is constructed. The change of freezing temperature and confining pressure will affect the distribution characteristics of acoustic emission cumulative ringing count. The acoustic emission ringing count of rock can reflect the change of energy storage limit of rock creep peak point under long-term load to a certain extent.

（4）Based on the precursory characteristics of the accelerated development of the critical power law of the response, the creep failure time of the rock is predicted. The results show that the growth rate and acceleration of damage variables of fractured sandstone increase sharply during critical creep failure, and the degree of creep damage increases continuously. The critical power law index of creep of fractured sandstone under graded creep loading under freezing-thawing conditions is calculated. Freeze-thaw action and confining pressure will promote the critical power law singularity characteristics of creep damage variables of fractured sandstone. The critical singularity characteristics of energy damage variable of fractured sandstone are used to predict the creep failure time, and the creep failure time prediction model of fractured sandstone is established, and the reliability of the creep failure prediction model of fractured sandstone established in this paper is verified.

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