陕西是我国煤炭主产区，拥有丰富的煤炭资源，尤其陕北地区的低变质烟煤，焦油产率高，属于典型富油煤。因地制宜的规划好这份资源，研究煤的清洁高效利用，对缓解我国能源对外依存度具有重要的意义。本文分析陕北煤矿区地质、地理结构及煤层演化过程，对陕北富油煤进行煤质分析，阐明其变质程度及富油性成因规律。以陕北富油煤作为研究对象，揭示煤热解内、外因素（如产地、粒径、温度、升温速率、压力、催化剂等）对富油煤热解过程中产油率的影响，并分析煤焦油组分的分布规律，从煤大分子结构、化学键、官能团等多角度阐明富油煤制油机理。针对目前煤焦油含尘率较高，导致直接利用率较低的缺陷，采用催化缩聚法净化去除煤焦油中的喹啉不溶物（QI）等杂质，利用路易斯酸AlCl_3、CuCl₂作为催化剂提升缩聚反应的速率，以煤焦油中的QI等杂质作为成核剂制备出一种高性能碳材料前驱体，即中间相碳微球（MCMBs），进一步提升煤焦油的品质，实现煤焦油清洁高效利用。

实验结果表明：（1）陕北地区富油煤属于特低硫，低中灰分，中高挥发分烟煤；黏土矿物为煤中的主要矿物类型；其变质程度较低，适合加工转化制取煤焦油及煤气。（2）对富油煤的结构及热解特性进行研究，结果发现：张家峁矿区的富油煤产油率最高；富油煤热解产油的最佳粒径范围是0.8~2mm，焦油产率为13.19%；富油煤产油最佳温度为550℃，焦油产率为13.19%；富油煤最佳热解升温速率为60℃/min，焦油产率为12.98%；压力与热解产油率呈负相关，高压不利于制取焦油；添加泡沫金属催化剂共热解能提高焦油产率和品质。（3）通过催化缩聚对煤焦油净化研究，结果发现：使用AlCl₃和CuCl₂净化煤焦油后，煤焦油中QI含量下降，轻质馏分提升，且用AlCl₃的净化效果更好；时间、催化剂与温度对QI去除率呈显著效应，且时间>催化剂>温度；使用AlCl₃和CuCl₂催化剂时，收集的MCMBs更多，且用AlCl₃的收集效率更高；催化剂与温度对MCMBs的收率呈显著效应，且催化剂>温度。

Shaanxi is the main coal producing area in China, which is rich in coal resources, especially the low metamorphic bituminous coal in Northern Shaanxi, with high tar yield, which is a typical oil-rich coal. It is of great significance to plan this resource according to local conditions and study the clean and efficient utilization of coal to alleviate China's energy dependence on foreign countries. This paper analyzes the geology, geographical structure and coal seam evolution process of Northern Shaanxi coal mining area, analyzes the coal quality of Northern Shaanxi oil-rich coal, and clarifies its metamorphic degree and oil-rich genetic law. Taking Shanbei oil-rich coal as the research object, the effects of internal and external factors (such as origin, particle size, temperature, heating rate, pressure, catalyst, etc.) on oil yield of oil-rich coal pyrolysis were revealed, the distribution of coal tar components was analyzed, the mechanism of oil production from oil rich coal is elucidated from the aspects of macromolecular structure, chemical bond and functional group of coal. In view of the high dust content of coal tar at present, which leads to the low direct utilization rate, the quinoline insoluble (QI) and other impurities in coal tar were removed by catalytic polycondensation, lewis acid AlCl₃ and CuCl₂ were used as catalysts to increase the rate of polycondensation, using QI and other impurities in coal tar as nucleating agent, a kind of high performance carbon material precursor, namely mesophase carbon microspheres (MCMBs), was prepared to further improve the quality of coal tar and realize the clean and efficient utilization of coal tar.

The results show that: (1) The oil-rich coal in Northern Shaanxi belongs to bituminous coal with ultra-low sulfur, low middle ash and medium high volatile; clay mineral is the main mineral type in coal; its metamorphic degree is low, so it is suitable for processing and conversion to produce coal tar and gas. (2) The structure and pyrolysis characteristics of oil-rich coal were studied. The results showed that: The oil production rate of oil rich coal in zhangjiamao mining area is the highest; The results show that the optimal particle size range of oil production from oil rich coal pyrolysis is 0.8~2mm, and the tar yield is 13.19%; The optimum temperature for oil production of oil rich coal is 550℃, and the tar yield is 13.19%; The optimal pyrolysis heating rate of rich oil coal is 60℃/min, and the tar yield is 12.98%; There is a negative correlation between pressure and oil yield, and high pressure is not conducive to tar production; The co-pyrolysis of foam metal catalyst can improve tar yield and quality. (3) The purification of coal tar by catalytic condensation. The results showed that: ① After using AlCl₃ and CuCl₂ to purify coal tar, QI content in coal tar decreased, light fraction increased, and purification effect of AlCl₃ was better; Time, catalyst and temperature have significant effects on QI removal rate, and time > catalyst > temperature; When AlCl₃ and CuCl₂ catalysts were used, more MCMBs were collected, and the collection efficiency of AlCl₃ was higher; The catalyst and time had significant effect on the yield of MCMBs, and catalyst > temperature.