随着乡村振兴战略的深入推进与乡村老龄化程度持续加深，互助式养老作为一种新型养老模式，凭借低成本、高参与度等显著优势，已然成为乡村养老的重要探索方向。当前互助式养老居住空间大多是由现有建筑改造而成，服务主体改变，对老年人的环境需求考虑较少。因此了解老年人的空间环境需求，并提供满足老年人环境需求的优先性设计策略，是提高互助式养老居住空间环境质量和增加老年人幸福感的有效途径。

首先本文从老年人的环境需求角度出发，探索互助式养老居住空间环境应如何满足老年人环境需求。研究通过多方面综合总结出样本筛选依据，最终选取了肥乡区5个互助式养老居住空间作为研究样本进行环境现场调研。同时为识别老年人的环境需求，对相关研究文献、规范文件以及对老年人环境需求访谈资料进行质性分析，从中提取出老年人环境需求指标。

其次，运用KJ法对环境需求指标进行归类，从而构建出互助式养老居住空间环境需求指标体系，其内容包括环境安全性、舒适性、便捷性和情感性四大需求层面下的10个二级环境需求指标和26个三级环境需求指标。将环境需求指标用于Kano问卷设计中，利用Kano模型结合Better-Worse系数分析法，对老年人环境需求指标进行需求分类和重要性程度排序，从而明确了环境安全性、舒适性、便捷性和情感性四大需求层面下各项环境需求指标的需求层次类型及优先改进次序。

最后，结合互助式养老居住空间样本环境的现实状况阐明满足老年人环境需求的实际困境，提出精准满足四大需求层面的环境优化设计策略。并依据环境需求体系和优化策略对互助式养老居住空间进行设计优化提升，这不仅验证了其可行性与实用性，更在一定程度上对相关研究的视角和思路进行了新探索，对互助式养老居住空间环境的优化与提升具有积极意义。

With the in-depth advancement of the rural revitalization strategy and the continuous deepening of rural aging, mutual aid-based elderly care, as a new model of elderly care, has become an important exploration direction for rural elderly care due to its significant advantages such as low cost and high participation. Currently, most of the mutual aid-based elderly care living spaces are transformed from existing buildings, with the service subjects changing, and less consideration given to the environmental needs of the elderly. Therefore, understanding the environmental needs of the elderly and providing priority design strategies that meet their environmental needs is an effective way to improve the environmental quality of mutual aid-based elderly care living spaces and increase the happiness of the elderly.

Firstly, this paper starts from the perspective of the environmental needs of the elderly to explore how the environment of mutual aid-based elderly care living spaces should meet the environmental needs of the elderly. The research comprehensively summarizes the basis for sample selection from multiple aspects and finally selects five mutual aid-based elderly care living spaces in Feixiang District as research samples for on-site environmental surveys. At the same time, to identify the environmental needs of the elderly, qualitative analysis is conducted on relevant research literature, normative documents, and interview data on the environmental needs of the elderly, from which the environmental need indicators of the elderly are extracted.

Secondly, the KJ method is used to classify the environmental need indicators, thereby constructing an environmental need indicator system for mutual aid-based elderly care living spaces. The content includes 10 secondary environmental need indicators and 26 tertiary environmental need indicators under four major need levels: environmental safety, comfort, convenience, and emotion. The environmental need indicators are used in the Kano questionnaire design, and the Kano model combined with the Better-Worse coefficient analysis method is used to classify the environmental need indicators of the elderly and rank their importance, thereby clarifying the demand level types and priority improvement sequences of each environmental need indicator under the four major need levels of environmental safety, comfort, convenience, and emotion.

Finally, the actual difficulties in meeting the environmental needs of the elderly are clarified based on the current situation of the mutual aid-based elderly care living space samples, and environmental optimization design strategies that precisely meet the four major need levels are proposed. Based on the environmental need system and optimization strategies, the mutual aid-based elderly care living space is designed and optimized, which not only verifies its feasibility and practicality but also makes new explorations in the perspective and thinking of related research to a certain extent, and has positive significance for the optimization and improvement of the environment of mutual aid-based elderly care living spaces.

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