建筑行业是中国国民经济的中流砥柱，不管是从规模还是效益角度，建筑业一直都是我国国民经济的重要组成部分，也是安全事故频发的高风险行业。2023年房屋市政工程领域全国共发生生产安全事故270起，死亡254人。装配式建筑作为一种现代化的建筑模式，在提高施工效率、减少环境污染及促进可持续发展等方面展现出显著优势。尽管与传统现浇式建筑相比，装配式建筑在安全管理方面的优势十分明显，但预制构件堆放环境差、吊装设备不适配、吊装过程安全措施不到位等都会导致风险的叠加。我国较晚开始采用装配式建筑技术，但在近些年因建筑行业的转型与升级，国家对装配式建筑的推广和应用越发关注和重视。鉴于此，研究装配式建筑施工安全评价对于降低事故发生率、保障安全生产、促进装配式建筑的可持续发展具有重要意义。

         本文以装配式建筑施工安全评价为研究对象，通过文献回顾，梳理了装配式建筑安全管理的现状和发展趋势，明确了影响装配式施工安全的主要因素；采用德尔菲法，在装配式建筑施工安全评价初始指标的基础上进行装配式建筑施工安全评价指标体系构建；采用层次分析法确定了指标权重；结合实际案例，采用模糊综合评价法对Z公司S装配式施工项目进行安全评价。

         研究结果表明，装配式建筑施工过程中的安全风险集中在设计、运输和施工三个环节，在设计阶段包括方案设计不合理、构件定位不准确、节点连接缺陷等；在运输阶段，在运输路线规划不当、车辆适配性差、运输过程振动等因素增加了安全风险；在施工阶段安全意识不足、专业技能欠缺、操作失误以及施工环境复杂等问题尤为突出。本文构建的安全评价指标体系包括3个一级指标，21个二级指标。以 Z公司装配式建筑S项目为案例，评价结果表明，项目评价得分3.030分，设计阶段评价得分2.931分，运输阶段得分为2.957分，施工阶段得分高达3.091分，呈现“整体可控，局部突出”的特点。针对识别出的主要安全风险，本文结合该项目实际情况，提出了安全措施建议。

         本文的研究有助于降低装配式建筑施工安全风险，有利于政府有关部门加强对装配式建筑施工安全的监管，亦有助于促进我国装配式建筑的可持续发展。

The construction industry is the backbone of China's national economy. Regardless of scale or efficiency, the construction industry has always been an important part of national economy and is also a high-risk industry with frequent safety accidents. In 2023, there were 270 production safety accidents in the field of housing municipal engineering across the country, resulting in 254 deaths. As a modern construction model, prefabricated buildings show significant advantages in improving construction efficiency, reducing environmental, and promoting sustainable development. Although compared with traditional cast-in-place buildings, prefabricated buildings have obvious advantages in safety management, poor storage environment of prefabric components, unsuitable lifting equipment, and inadequate safety measures during lifting can lead to risk superposition. China started to use prefabricated building technology relatively late, but in recent, due to the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry, the state has paid more and more attention to the promotion and application of prefabricated buildings. In view of this it is of great significance to study the safety evaluation of prefabricated building construction for reducing the accident rate, ensuring safe production, and promoting the sustainable development of prefabric buildings.

The thesis takes the safety evaluation of prefabricated construction as the research object. Through literature review, it summarizes the current situation and development trend of prefabricated construction and its construction safety management, and clarifies the main factors affecting the safety of prefabricated construction; Using the Delphi method, a safety evaluation index system for prefabricated construction is constructed based on the initial indicators of prefabricated construction safety evaluation; The Analytic Hierarchy Process was used to determine the weights of the indicators; Based on practical cases, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to conduct a safety evaluation of Z Company's S prefabricated construction project.

The research results show that the safety risks in the construction process of prefabricated buildings are concentrated in three links: design, transportation and construction In the design stage, there are unreasonable scheme design, inaccurate component positioning, node connection defects, etc.; in the transportation stage, factors such as improper planning of transportation routes, vehicle adaptability, and vibration during transportation increase safety risks; in the construction stage, lack of safety awareness, lack of professional skills, operational errors, and complex construction environment are particularly. This paper constructs a safety evaluation index system including 3 first-level indicators and 21 second-level indicators. Taking the prefabricated building project S of Company Z as an example, the evaluation results show that the project evaluation score is 3.030, the design stage evaluation score is 2.931, the transportation score is 2.957, and the construction stage score is as high as 3.091, showing the characteristics of "overall controllable, local". In view of the main safety risks identified, this paper proposes safety measures based on the actual situation of the project.

The thesis contributes to reducing the safety risks of prefabricated construction, strengthening the supervision of construction safety by relevant government departments, and promoting the sustainable development of prefabricated construction in China.

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