摘要 通风机作为矿井生产的关键设备，其性能和工作状态直接关系到工作人员的人身安全、设备运行的经济性和矿山安全生产。利用虚拟仪器技术对通风机主要性能参数进行检测，补偿测试环节产生的误差，对保证通风机检测的准确性和有效性具有重要意义。 论文根据煤矿在用通风机安全检测检验规范，采用虚拟仪器技术研制了基于USB总线的矿井通风机检测虚拟仪器。论文对矿井通风机检测的主要参数进行了研究分析，确定了包括对风量、风压、温度、湿度、功率等主要参数的测量方法和测点布置。根据煤矿生产现场环境要求，综合对比分析不同结构虚拟仪器的特点，确定了基于USB总线的硬件方案，完成了相应传感器和数据采集卡的选型，设计了仪器所需要的调理电路。以LabVIEW为开发平台，采用模块化的设计方法开发了通风机性能检测虚拟仪器软件，实现对通风机主要性能参数的检测。 论文对所设计虚拟仪器的主要参数测试方法、硬件和软件进行了误差分析。针对风速法测风量中因搭建传感器安装支架影响巷道风流分布的问题，通过Fluent数值模拟方法对巷道中无、有支架时的风流分布进行仿真和误差分析。分析了虚拟仪器的硬件电路干扰耦合的方式。结合所选传感器的工作原理，分析了压力、温度、湿度等传感器误差产生原因和类型。分析了仪器调理电路在信号变换和滤波过程中产生误差的原因。根据NI-USB6221数据采集卡基本组成和性能指标，分析了信号在采集转换过程中误差产生的原因。针对误差产生的类型和途经提出了相应解决方案。 论文对所设计仪器的误差补偿方法进行了研究。通过对无、有支架时的仿真数据分析，由曲线拟合法得到风速误差补偿方程；采用实验的方法，通过给定标准量对静压、全压、温度、湿度等通道进行测试，得到各通道的测量数据。对测量数据与标准量进行对比分析和误差计算，采用曲线拟合算法得到了各通道误差补偿方程。最后，论文对仪器功能进行了实验验证。

ABSTRACT Coal mine ventilator is one of the most important equipment in coal mine, its performance is directly related to the safety of the miners and mine production, as well as the efficiency of the equipment. It is of important practical significance to use the virtual instrument technology to detect the main performance parameters of the ventilator and compensate the error of the test procedure. According to the standard for safety inspecting-testing specification of ventilator in coal mine, the virtual instrument based on the USB bus was used to detect the mine ventilator. In this paper, the main parameters of the virtual test of the mine ventilator were analyzed, and the measurement methods as well as measuring points including the main parameters such as air volume, wind pressure, temperature, humidity and the power were determined. On account of the environmental requirements of the coal mine production site and the characteristics of the virtual instrument with different structures, the hardware scheme based on the USB bus was determined, the selection of the corresponding sensor and data acquisition card was completed, and the conditioning circuit the instrument required was designed. Using LabVIEW as the development platform, the virtual instrument software of the fan performance was developed through modular design method, and then the main performance parameters of the ventilator were tested. In this paper, the writer analyzed the errors of the main parameter testing method, hardware and also the software of the virtual instrument detected by the mine ventilator. To solve the problem that the wind flow distribution was influenced by the sensor installation brackets in wind speed measurement, the simulation and error analysis of the air flow distributions in the tunnel without and within the brackets was carried out through the Fluent numerical simulation method. Based on the working principles of the selected sensor, the causes and types of sensor errors such as pressure, temperature, humidity and the power were investigated. Besides, causes of the errors generated during the transformation and filtration were analyzed. And in accordance with the basic composition and performance index of NI-USB6221 data acquisition card, the causes of error in signal acquisition and conversion process were also examined. The corresponding solutions were put forward according to the types and causes of errors. The error compensation method of the designed instrument was studied in this paper. Through the analysis of the simulation datas within and without brackets, the wind speed error compensation equation was obtained via curve fitting. The static pressure, total pressure, temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure and the power channel of the virtual instrument were tested through experimental method, then the measurement data of each channel was obtained. According to the comparative analysis and error calculation of the measured data and the standard quantity, the error compensation equation of each channel was obtained via the curve fitting algorithm. Finally, the function of the instrument was verified through experiments.