在人工智能与大数据时代的大环境下，计算机视觉技术与摄影测量技术相互渗透与融合，促使无人机倾斜摄影测量技术的快速发展。无人机上搭载多镜头倾斜数码相机或单镜头旋转相机，从空中不同角度获取石窟倾斜影像，利用建模软件生成密集三维点云和TIN 格网模型，能快速、高效、低成本建立石窟实景三维模型。实景三维模型能直观数字化再现还原石窟遗址的真实样貌，为石窟保护修复工程提供直接的基础数据。论文主要研究内容如下： （1）制定了高分辨率倾斜影像获取、精密的外业控制、内业三维建模及建模精校验的总体技术方案，研究石窟文物的精细三维模型的建立方法。 （2）针对石窟文物提出近距离无人机倾斜航摄方案。石窟单面数据采集，设计沿立面无人机倾斜航线设计方案，根据具体石窟的形态及周边环境设计了S型横向上升航线设计与N型纵向上升航线设计；半立体石窟与独立石窟数据采集，每个可见面航线设计参照石窟单面航线设计方案。 （3）以大雁塔慈恩寺景区的如来佛祖石像为实验对象，按照近距离无人机倾斜航摄方案，2米近距离获取如来佛祖的倾斜影像，深入研究倾斜摄影三维建模的方法，分析如来佛祖三维模型的精度与模型精细度。在各技术环节综合保证下，基于实验数据的分析，实现了石窟文物三维模型毫米级精度与精细度，可为相关研究提供参考。 （4）近距离无人机倾斜航摄方案在乐山大佛保护修复工程项目的中具体应用。根据大佛及周边环境设计为S型横向与N型纵向相结合的多层航线方案，获取乐山大佛高精度倾斜影像，建立了高精度的乐山大佛实景三维模型，最直接展示乐山大佛遗产面貌与现状，为分析岩体的变性保护工程主体实施提供基础数据。

In the context of the era of artificial intelligence and big data, computer vision technology and photogrammetry have penetrated and merged with each other, prompting the rapid development of drone tilt photogrammetry technology. UAV equipped with multi-lens camera or digital single-lens tilt rotate the camera to acquire images from the air grotto inclined at different angles to produce a dense 3D point cloud and grid TIN model using modeling software, fast, efficient and cost-dimensional real grotto model. The real three-dimensional model can directly and digitally reproduce the true appearance of the grotto site, and provide direct basic data for the restoration and protection of the grotto. The main contents of this paper are as follows： (1) In order to realize the fine modeling of grottoes and temples, the overall technical scheme of data acquisition, precise field control, 3d modeling and fine calibration of modeling was developed. (2) The close-up drone aerial photography scheme for grotto cultural relics is proposed. Single-sided data collection of the grottoes, designing the design plan of the inclined route of the drone along the facade, according to the shape of the specific grotto and the surrounding environment, the S-type horizontal upward course design and the N-type vertical upward course design were designed; the semi-solid cave and independent cave data collection For the design of each visible plane route, refer to the grotto single plane course design scheme. (3) Taking the Buddha statue in the cien temple scenic area of the big wild goose pagoda as the experimental object, according to the close-up drone aerial photography scheme of the close range uav, the oblique image of the Buddha was obtained at a close distance of 2 meters, and the 3d modeling method of oblique photography was deeply studied to analyze the accuracy and precision of the three-dimensional model of the Buddha. Under the comprehensive guarantee of each technical link, based on the analysis of the experimental data, the 3d model of the grotto cultural relic is realized with millimeter-level accuracy and fineness, which can provide references for related researches. (4) The close-up drone aerial photography scheme is applied in the protection and restoration project of leshan giant Buddha . According to Buddha and the surrounding environment design for model S N type vertical and horizontal combination of multilayer route scheme, access to the Leshan giant Buddha high-precision tilt image, the establishment of a high precision Leshan giant Buddha live three-dimensional model, the most direct show Leshan giant Buddha heritage features and current situation, for the analysis of rock mass of degeneration to protect the main implement project to provide basic data .