自上世纪八十年代以来，新奥法支护在我国煤矿巷道中得到了全面推广应用，并经过近30年的发展形成了以锚杆为主体的各种支护结构，如煤巷锚网支护、锚带网索支护；岩巷锚喷支护、锚网喷支护、锚网喷索支护等，对保证巷道的有效使用发挥了重要作用。但是，新奥法支护在软岩巷道却遇到了很大的困难，除软岩自身的因素外，锚杆索在软岩内锚固点不易形成是关键因素之一，影响了锚杆索的支护强度，造成软岩巷道围岩变形得不到有效控制，导致巷道支护失效而发生破坏。本文综合运用工程地质调查、实验室力学性质测试与物相分析、现场地应力实测、理论分析和现场观测等方法和手段，分析了清水营煤矿软岩巷道围岩失稳破坏特征、软岩锚注前后特性，提出了锚网喷索+锚注联合支护技术，并获得良好的技术经济效益。获得了如下研究成果： （1）清水营煤矿+786m水平井底车场具有明显的软岩特征：其所在层位的岩性为粉砂岩，厚度为14.8m，试验其抗压强度仅为1.59MPa；化验其膨胀性矿物成份含量分别为：伊利石含29.3%，绿泥石含30.7%；实测的最大水平应力为23.74MPa，竖向自重应力为16.37MPa，两者比值为最大水平应力是竖向自重应力的1.45倍。 （2）以清水营煤矿+786m水平井底车场为工程背景进行锚注支护数值分析，结果表明：巷道开挖至未支护时，围岩变形破坏严重，采用锚注支护后，锚杆起到一定作用，但随着时间推移仍发生了较大的变形破坏，进行锚注加强支护后，在巷道周围形成了一个厚壁承载拱，在同样的竖向压力作用下，巷道变形较小，证明锚注支护够对巷道围岩进行有效控制。并将软岩按水灰比0.8的水泥浆与粉砂岩颗粒制作力学模型，进行锚注特性试验得出；锚注前试件的抗压强度峰值为11.585MPa，锚注后试件的抗压强度可达22.22MPa，可见软岩锚注后其自承能力比锚注前提高了1.92倍。 （3）通过对清水营煤矿+786m水平井底车场的变形原因进行分析，根据车场巷道的软岩性状、物相成份及地应力特点，针对性了提出了锚网喷索+锚注联合支护设计方案，并在车场巷道中进行工程实践，实践证明：锚注后明显改善了围岩的力学性质，提高了围岩了自承能力，巷道围岩得到了较好的控制。通过近100天的监测结果可以看出：巷道拱部下沉量21mm，帮部移近量25mm，且喷层未出现任何开裂现象；锚注后声波测试速度比注浆前提高了16%～45%，弹性模量提高了34%～110%；经过钻孔窥视，注浆后孔内光滑密实，表明浆液有效的充填了围岩内的松动裂隙，使松动破坏的围岩重新胶结在了一起，提高了其密实性和完整性，这对软岩的有效控制和长期稳定起到了重要作用。 本文的研究成果经在+786m水平井底车场应用试验后达到了预期目的。证明软岩巷道采用“锚网喷索+锚注”支护是一种有效的方法之一，目前该方法已在+786m水平井底车场所有软岩巷道和硐室中得到了全面推广应用，同时对其它矿井的软岩巷道支护也具有良好的借鉴意义。

Since 1980s, NATM has got a comprehensive application in our country’s coal mines’ field, and after nearly 30 years of development, has formed anchor and other similar supporting structures such as anchor nets supporting and cable anchor supporting used in coal roadway. Using spray the anchor, anchor net and anchor cable supporting technique. This kind of support plays an important role in ensuring the effective control of the coal roadway. However, new Austrian method was confronted with great difficulties in the supporting of the weak rock roadway. Apart from the nature of the weak rock, the anchor cable has no root point in the weak rock, thus affects the strength of the anchor cable support and the effective control of the weak rock coal tunnel. Through integrated methods of engineering geological, theoretical analysis, physical simulation, numerical simulation, site test and so on, the evolution and characteristics of deformation and failure of surrounding rock roadway of Qing Shuiying Colliery are studied, and the anchor net spray support+bolt-grouting supporting technology is proposed. The research productions have been applied successfully in project of support in underground engineering, and the chief conclusions achieved are shown as follows: （1）The lithology of + 786m level bottom seat strata is siltstone, its thickness is 14.8m, the tested compressive strength is only 1.59MPa; laboratory tests for its expansive minerals content are respectively: illite containing 29.3%, chlorite 30.7%; the measured maximum horizontal stress is in 23.74MPa, vertical stress for 16.37MPa, both ratio of maximum horizontal stress and vertical stress is 1.45 times. （2）With the anchor note supporting numerical analysis for the +786m level bottom heavy vehicle line,the results show that surrounding rock mass deformation damage is serious when the roadway excavation to not support ,and anchor play a role if the anchor note support was used,but with time still changered a lot of deformation and destruction,the anchor note strengthen support,in tunnels developed around a thick wall bearing arch,in the same vertical pressure effect,small roadway deformation prove anchor supportingof roadway surrounding rock is the effective contol. In order to obtain the pre and post test results of the soft rock and siltstone bolting and grouting, the soft rock particle production mechanics model according to water cement ratio of 0.8 mud and water was established.Theanchor note characteristic test show that namely the peak strength bofore being bolted and grouted is 11.585Mpa and after is 22.22MPa. We can see the bearing capacity of soft rock increased by 1.92 times after bolted and grouted than bofore. （3）According to the mechanical test and theoretical analysis results, the supporting test on the + 786m level bottom heavy vehicle line with the test scheme which is " anchor net rope and anchor," then choose the reasonable support parameters and after carrying out getting the result: one is the 100d convergence deformation monitoring, its arch sinkage is 21mm, sidewall sinkage is 25mm, and the spray layer without any cracks and rock pressure phenomena, indicating heavy vehicle line rock has been effectively controled；two is a soft rock acoustic velocity ratio increased by 16%~45% after grouting, dynamic elastic modulus increased by 34%~110%, shows that after grouting soft rock’s physical and mechanical properties have been effectively improved; three is observed before drilling peep, grouting hole rock loose and broken, and the emergence of serious hole collapse phenomenon, and the grouting hole rock smooth and compact, effective grout filling the surrounding rock loosening fissures, increases its compactness and completeness of the soft rock, this has played an important role in effective control and long-term stability. Therefore, the results of this study have been tested in the + 786m level bottom heavy vehicle line and the test has achieved the expected objective. Proved that soft rock tunnel using “anchor net spray support+bolt-grouting support ”is one of the most effective methods, now the method has been widely used in all soft rock roadway and chamber of the + 786m level bottom, meanwhile it also provides a good reference for other mine’s soft rock roadway support.