黄陵矿区受深埋高地应力、坚硬厚顶板等赋存条件的影响，在大采高开采工艺的作用下，导致了工作面强矿压显现凸显。当开采空间位置发生改变时，坚硬顶板的约束条件随之改变，进一步加剧了强矿压显现的程度。因此，研究黄陵矿区强矿压显现特征与发生机理，对指导同类型大采高工作面强矿压防治具有重要的科学意义。

以黄陵二矿深埋高应力环境下的大采高工作面强矿压显现防治为目标，采用现场调研、理论分析、物理模拟、数值计算与工程实践等手段，开展覆岩结构空间演化特征、应力与能量传导分布规律、强矿压发生机理的相关研究。最终进行现场防治实践，并综合评价了防控效果。主要取得以下研究成果：

黄陵二矿四盘区厚煤层赋存环境复杂，随工作面倾向开采位置的改变，导致21422工作面矿压显现烈度明显高于首采工作面，且呈分区显现的特征。根据21422工作面采动下的支架压力、微震事件、工作面强矿压显现等特征，明确了其临空侧与实体侧的水平范围。其中21422工作面临空侧支架压力动载约为1.439，微震事件分布集中，此位置的坚硬厚顶板产生了大于10⁴J的微震事件；实体侧的顶板完整性好、裂隙不发育，该区域约90.1%的支架压力低于35.2MPa，微震事件分散且能量值小于10⁴J，出现了超长距离悬顶等。

坚硬厚顶板作为影响工作面强矿压的主控岩层，各工作面开采扰动下将覆岩内部形成了上、下两种梯形运动结构。单一工作面开采弱化了相邻工作面坚硬厚顶板临空区段煤柱处的边界条件，造成了坚硬厚顶板沿相邻工作面倾向的破断具有不对称性。相邻工作面覆岩运动产生的微震与AE事件分别是单一工作面的2.44倍和0.97倍，分别形成了大、小能量的演化特征，同时相邻工作面临空侧覆岩裂隙发育、运动、能量释放的次数及强度均大于实体侧，导致临空侧的破断角大于实体侧，形成了临空侧覆岩运动剧烈，实体侧覆岩相对稳定的分区演化特征。

(3) 相邻工作面开采扰动的覆岩应力与能量传导规律将单一工作面的对称分布转变由临空侧区段煤柱处沿工作面倾向的降低分布特征，并引发了上部覆岩荷载的非对称分布，且各场的影响范围、量值变化等情况也均大于单一工作面。坚硬厚顶板能量和垂直应力分布规律相似，通过引入能量及垂直应力集中差值系数(E_x、σ_x)，明确了工作面临空侧与实体侧范围，其中临空侧能量与应力集中程度较高，实体侧相对稳定的分区显现特征，营造了强矿压分区显现环境。验证了物理相似材料模拟实验的结果，也初步形成了相邻工作面“降低临空侧应力集中程度，阻断实体侧应力传递”的防控思路。

(4) 构建厚顶板三边固支一边自由和两边固支一边简支一边自由模型，采用板结构承载极限分析法，推导出顶板破断几何尺寸的解析方程，分析了顶板破断的影响因素及其敏感性，实现了顶板沿工作面倾向的破断距与工作面倾向长度关系之间的定量表征。建立了相邻工作面顶板破断块体铰接三维力学模型，分析了顶板破断块体沿工作面倾向失稳的全过程，推导出铰接块体的稳定准则(σ)，认为坚硬厚顶板两侧破断块体稳定所需的摩擦力不同，是造成了工作面顶板扰动应力演化分区的原因。提前消除破断块体间接触面的摩擦力，是实现相邻工作面强矿压控制的关键。

(5) 基于弱化临空侧顶板的应力集中、阻断实体侧应力传递的分区式强矿压防治技术思路，进行了黄陵二矿21422大采高工作面工程视角下的强矿压防控预判，提出工作面临空侧回风巷、实体侧胶带巷分别选用水力压裂、爆破致裂的分区防控技术方案。实践表明：分区防控方案增加了坚硬厚顶板的裂隙、改变了其边界条件，支架压力、动载系数、安全阀平均开启率降低；微震事件沿工作面开采位置平均分布，平均能量值降低了1个数量级，且未出现大能量事件，原有的强矿压分区现象消失。分区防控方案减弱了临空侧覆岩剧烈运动，破坏了实体侧顶板的长距离悬顶，取得了较好的防控效果。

Huangling mine area is affected by the deep-buried high ground stress, hard thick roof and other endowment conditions, and under the action of the large mining height mining process, which leads to the strong ground pressure in the working face. When the mining location changes, the constraint condition of the hard roof changes, which further intensifies the strong ground pressure. Therefore, the study of characteristics and mechanism of strong ground pressure at Huangling mining area is of great scientific meaning for the control of strong ground pressure at the same kind of large mining height working faces.

The strong ground pressure control at the deep-buried large mining height working face at Huangling No.2 mine is the research object. The analysis method, combining field research, theoretical analysis, physical simulation, numerical calculation and engineering practice is adopted to study the spatial evolution characteristics of overburden, stress and energy conduction and distribution law, strong ground pressure mechanism. On-site control practices were carried out and the control effects were comprehensively evaluated. The main research results are as follows:

The thick coal seam storage environment at the fourth panel area of Huangling No.2 Mine is complex. The mine pressure intensity at working face 21422 is significantly higher than that at the first mining face when mining position changes. The mine pressure is characterized by zoning. The horizontal extent of the airside and solid side was clarified based on the characteristics of the support pressure, microseismic events, and strong ground pressure manifestation in the working face under the mining of the 21422 working face. The support dynamic load at working face 21422 is about 1.439. The distribution of microseismic events is concentrated, and the hard and thick roof plate at this location generates microseismic events greater than 10⁴J. The roof integrity on the solid side is good and cracks are not developed. About 90.1% of the support pressure in this area is lower than 35.2MPa, microseismic events are scattered and the energy value is less than 10⁴J, and extra-long distance overhanging roofs have occurred.

Hard thick roof plate is the main control rock layer affecting the strong ground pressure in the working face. Mining disturbances at each working face make two kinds of trapezoidal movement structure, up and down forming inside the overlying strata. Single working face mining weakens the boundary conditions at the coal pillars in the air side, which resulting in asymmetrical breaking of hard thick roof along the inclination of the adjacent working face. The microseismic and AE events generated by the overburden movement of the adjacent working face are 2.44 and 0.97 times of those at single working face, creating large and small energy evolutionary features, respectively. The frequency and intensity of fissure development, movement and energy release of the overlying strata on the airside of the adjacent working face are greater than those on the solid side, resulting in the breakage angle of the airside being greater than that of the solid side, which forms the partition evolution characteristics of intense movement of the overlying strata on the airside and relative stability of the overlying strata on the solid side.

(3) The overburden stress and energy conduction law perturbed by the mining of adjacent workings transforms the symmetrical distribution of the single working face into a reduced distribution feature along the workings inclination at the coal pillar of the adjacent section, and triggers an asymmetrical distribution of the upper overburden loads. The scope of influence and change in quantity and value of each field are also larger than that at the single working face. The energy and vertical stress distribution patterns of hard thick roof are similar, and the range between the air side and solid side of the working face is clarified by introducing energy and vertical stress concentration difference coefficients (E_x, σ_x). The partition characteristics of high energy and stress concentration on the air side and relative stability on the solid side create an environment for strong mineral pressure zoning manifestation. The results of the physically similar material simulation experiments were verified, the control principle of “reducing stress concentration at the air side, blocking the stress transferring at the solid side” was initially formed.

(4) A model of the thick top plate with three sides solidly supported and one side free, and two sides solidly supported and one side simply supported and one side free is constructed, and the analytical equations of the broken geometry of the top plate are derived by using the method of load limit analysis of the plate structure. The influencing factors of roof breakage and its sensitivity were analyzed, and the quantitative characterization of the relationship between the breakage distance of the roof along the working face inclination and the working face inclination length was realized. A three-dimensional mechanical model of the articulation of the broken blocks on the roof of the adjacent working face was established, and the whole process of the destabilization of the broken blocks along the working face tendency was analyzed, and the stability criterion (σ) of the articulated blocks was deduced. The difference in friction required for the stabilization of the broken blocks on both sides of the hard thick roof is the reason for the partitioning of the evolution of the disturbed stress in the roof of the working face. Elimination of friction on the contact surface between the broken blocks is the key to realize the control of strong ground pressure on the adjacent working face.

(5) Based on the control principle of “reducing stress concentration at the air side, blocking the stress transferring at the solid side”, the strong mine pressure control prediction under the engineering perspective at the 21422 large mining height working face in Huangling No.2 Mine was carried out. The technical plan of hydraulic fracturing at air-return roadway of air side and blasting fracturing at belt roadway of solid side was proposed respectively. Practice shows that the partition control program increases the cleavage of hard thick roof, changes the boundary conditions, and reduces the bracket pressure, dynamic load coefficient, and average opening rate of safety valve. Microseismic events were evenly distributed along the mining location of the working face, the average energy value was reduced by one order of magnitude, and there were no large energy events, and the strong mineral pressure partition phenomenon disappeared. The partition control plan attenuates the violent movement of the overlying strata on the adjacent side and destroys the long-distance overhanging roof on the solid side, and achieves an effective control result.

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