智能化是实现大倾角、急倾斜等难采煤炭资源安全高效开采的关键。随着煤层条件和开采作业环境的日益复杂化，传统的开采方法和装备已无法满足当前大倾角、急倾斜煤层工作面对安全性和开采效率的迫切需求。因此，智能化开采不仅是提升该类难采煤炭资源产效的必然选择，也是实现该类煤层工作面无人化的关键策略。在此背景下，数字孪生技术作为促进效能提升和数字化转型的关键工具，基于此构建复杂条件煤岩与装备模拟系统，开展采动煤岩与装备力学行为研究，是实现大倾角、急倾斜煤层工作面智能化开采的新途径和新方法。本文以采动煤岩装备数字孪生实验平台作为核心支撑环境，采用数字孪生技术和大比例物理模拟实验相结合的方法，研究了大倾角采场中“支架-围岩”相互作用的力学行为。主要研究结论如下：

（1）阐明了基于数字孪生技术的大比例物理模拟采煤工作面系统的设计框架、结构特点和测试/检测模式。系统采用模块化设计，能够在虚拟环境中实时分析大倾角、急倾斜等难采煤层工作面装备与围岩之间的相互作用，进而实现对开采过程中可能出现的各种情况进行高效、实时的预测和分析。

（2）构建了以数字孪生技术为核心的复杂难采煤层工作面液压支架模型姿态感知与控制仿真系统。系统以液压支架作为开发基础，深度整合了采动煤岩装备数字孪生实验室中的实验平台，通过加装传感器和开发数字孪生体等技术手段，实现了数字模型与实体间的精确同步和即时反馈。

（3）基于液压支架姿态感知与控制仿真系统，以太平煤矿3121^-22大倾角工作面为工程背景，开展了液压支架与复合底板的力学行为物理相似模拟实验。结果表明：受倾角效应影响，大倾角工作面顶板载荷沿重力倾向分力作用，通过支架顶梁非均衡传递至底座，加剧了侧向底板的区域性破坏；支架在动载冲击作用下，支架顶梁向前发生前倾，导致支架底座前端底板裂隙破坏程度加大，进而发生沿垂向的瞬间卸载和支架的倾斜向下错动，并产生新的侧向裂隙；复合底板表现出一定的稳定性，但由于软弱层强度偏低，相较于单一坚硬底板，更易发生底板破坏和支架陷底等安全风险。实验结果验证了系统的可行性和实用性，为工作面底板稳定性控制提供了实验依据。

（4）本研究为液压支架的设计优化、风险预警系统的开发，以及复杂难采煤层工作面智能化装备的稳定性控制提供了重要的实验依据和支持。有助于提高大倾角、急倾斜矿井安全性和开采效率，也为未来在类似矿井环境中实现智能化开采提供了有效途径。

Automation is crucial for safe and efficient extraction of coal resources characterized by large inclinations and steep dips. With the increasing complexity of coal seam conditions and mining operational environments, traditional methods and equipment are no longer adequate to address the pressing demands for safety and improved efficiency at the faces of steeply inclined coal seams. Thus, intelligent mining is not only a necessary choice for enhancing the productivity of these challenging coal resources but also a key strategy for achieving unmanned operations at these coal seam faces. Against this backdrop, digital twin technology emerges as a pivotal tool for facilitating efficiency gains and digital transformation. The development of a simulation system for coal rocks and equipment under complex conditions, alongside research into the mechanical behavior of coal rocks and equipment during mining operations, represents a novel approach and methodology for the intelligent mining of coal seam faces with significant inclination and steep dips.Utilizing the digital twin experimental platform for mining coal rock equipment as a foundational support environment, this study integrated digital twin technology with full-scale physical simulation experiments to examine the mechanical behavior of the interaction between support systems and surrounding rock in mining fields with steep inclinations. The principal findings are as follows:

(1) The study delineated the design framework, structural features, and testing/detection methodologies of a full-scale physical simulation system for coal mining faces, utilizing digital twin technology. The system, designed modularly, enables real-time analysis of the interactions between mining equipment and surrounding rock in steeply inclined coal seam faces within a virtual environment. This facilitates efficient, real-time forecasting and analysis of various scenarios that may arise during the extraction process.

(2) A simulation system for the posture perception and control of hydraulic support models at coal seam faces, challenging to mine, was developed, with digital twin technology at its core. This system, based on hydraulic supports, integrates deeply with the experimental platform in the digital twin laboratory for mining coal rock equipment. Through the addition of sensors and the development of digital twins, it achieves precise synchronization and immediate feedback between the digital models and their physical counterparts.

(3) Leveraging the hydraulic support posture perception and control simulation system, with the steeply inclined coal seam face of Taiping Coal Mine 3121-22 serving as the project backdrop, a series of physically similar simulation experiments were conducted on the mechanical interactions between hydraulic supports and the composite mine floor. Findings indicate that due to the effect of the incline, roof loads in steeply inclined faces are unevenly distributed across support beams to the base, influenced by gravity's component force, intensifying localized damage to the side floor area. Under dynamic loading, the support beams tilt forward, exacerbating crack damage at the front of the support base. This leads to instantaneous vertical unloading and misalignment, tilting downwards and generating new lateral fractures. Although the composite floor exhibited some stability, its vulnerability to damage and the increased risk of support collapse were noted due to the lower strength of the soft layer compared to a solid floor. These results affirm the system's viability and practical utility, offering experimental support for controlling floor stability at the mining face.

(4) The insights derived from this investigation furnish crucial experimental support for optimizing hydraulic support designs, developing risk warning systems, and controlling the stability of intelligent equipment at complex, hard-to-mine coal seam faces. This work not only contributes to enhancing the safety and efficiency of mining operations in steeply inclined and sharply dipping mines but also paves the way for implementing intelligent mining strategies in similar mining environments in the future.