在国家贯彻安全理念，保障安全发展，推动安全生产的背景下，煤矿企业降低事故率、提高安全生产能力已成为大势所趋。现阶段，煤矿员工的不安全行为是我国煤矿企业安全事故产生的主要原因之一，如何有效管理员工的不安全行为是当前煤矿安全生产面临的重要和亟需解决的问题。安全素养是煤矿员工的重要内在品质，提升其安全素养可以有效防范员工的不安全行为，进而降低煤矿事故率和死亡率。因此，深入分析煤矿员工安全素养对其不安全行为的影响作用，通过提升煤矿员工的安全素养来减少员工的不安全行为，已成为煤矿企业亟需关注和解决的问题之一。

本研究通过查阅相关文献，梳理了国内外研究现状，界定了相关概念，介绍了相关理论基础，并将安全素养划分为安全知识、安全意识、安全生理和安全心理四个维度，将不安全行为分为意向性不安全行为和非意向性不安全行为两类。基于文献梳理和理论分析，提出了本研究各变量之间的关系假设，构建了以安全素养为自变量、不安全行为为因变量、感知行为控制为中介变量、时间压力为调节变量的概念模型。借鉴成熟量表设计问卷，通过预调研对初始问卷进行修订完善后，以陕西和山西两地的煤矿企业员工为对象进行问卷调查，最终回收341份有效样本数据。借助SPSS 23.0和AMOS 23.0软件对收集的数据进行描述性统计分析、相关性分析、中介效应分析和调节效应分析，对提出的假设进行了检验。研究结果表明，安全素养及其4个维度对意向性不安全行为均有显著负向影响，且影响效应从大到小依次为安全心理、安全意识、安全知识、安全生理；安全素养及其4个维度对非意向性不安全行为均有显著负向影响，且影响效应从大到小依次为安全意识、安全知识、安全心理、安全生理；感知行为控制对安全素养与意向性不安全行为的关系具有中介作用；感知行为控制对安全素养与非意向性不安全行为的关系无中介作用；时间压力对安全素养与感知行为控制的关系具有负向调节作用。

本研究不仅为煤矿员工安全素养、感知行为控制、时间压力与不安全行为之间关系的研究提供了新的理论框架，还为煤矿企业安全管理实践提供了理论依据和管理启示。

Under the background that the country implements the safety concept, guarantees safe development, and promotes safe production, it has become the general trend in the coal mining enterprises to reduce the accident rate and improve the safety production capacity. At the present stage, the unsafe behavior of coal mine employees is one of the main reasons for the occurrence of safety accidents in coal mining enterprises in China. How to effectively manage the unsafe behavior of employees is an important and urgent problem facing the current coal mine safety production. Safety literacy is an important intrinsic quality of coal mine employees. Improving their safety literacy can effectively prevent employees from unsafe behavior, thereby reducing the accident rate and mortality rate in coal mines. Therefore, in-depth analysis of the effect of coal mine employees' safety literacy on their unsafe behaviors and the reduction of employees' unsafe behaviors by improving their safety literacy has become one of the issues that coal mine enterprises need to pay attention to and solve urgently.

This study reviewed the relevant literature, sorted out the research status at home and abroad, defined relevant concepts, and introduced the theoretical basis. This study divided safety literacy into four dimensions: safety knowledge, safety awareness, safety physiology and safety psychology; and divided behaviors into two dimensions: intentional unsafe behavior and unintentional unsafe behavior. Based on literature review and theoretical analysis, this study put forward the hypothesis of the relationship between the variables, and a conceptual model was constructed with safety literacy as the independent variable, unsafe behavior as the dependent variable, perceived behavior control as the mediating variable, and time pressure as the moderating variable. This questionnaire was designed with reference to mature scales, and the initial questionnaires was revised and improved through pre-investigation. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the employees of coal mining enterprises in Shaanxi and Shanxi, and 341 valid sample data were finally recovered. This study used the SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 software to perform descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, mediation effect analysis and moderation effect, to test the proposed research hypotheses. The research results show that safety literacy and its four dimensions have a significant negative impact on intentional unsafe behavior, and the effect from large to small is safety psychology, safety awareness, safety knowledge, safety physiology; safety literacy and its four dimensions have a significant negative impact on non-intentional unsafe behavior, and the effect from large to small is safety awareness, safety knowledge, safety psychology, and safety physiology; perceived behavioral control has mediating effect on the relationship between and safety literacy and intentional unsafe behavior; perceived behavioral control has no mediating effect on the relationship between safety literacy and unintentional unsafe behavior; time pressure has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between safety literacy and perceived behavioral control.

This study not only provides a new theoretical framework for the study of the relationship between coal mine employees' safety literacy, perceived behavior control, time pressure and unsafe behavior, but also provides theoretical basis and management insights for the safety management practice of coal mine enterprises.

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