摘 要 在高等教育由精英教育迈向大众化教育的今天，大学生面临着越来越大的就业压力。如何提高学生的就业竞争力，提高学生的综合素质成为社会关注的焦点。大学生职业生涯规划教育也正是在这一背景下逐步引起人们的重视。对大学生进行职业生涯规划教育对其树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观，科学地规划自己的学习、生活和未来的职业选择，形成正确的职业发展观念，提升个人竞争力，达到个人与职业的最优结合和人的全面发展以及我国人力资源强国战略的实施等有着重要的理论意义和现实意义。《中共中央国务院关于进一步加强和改进大学生思想政治教育的意见》（中发[ 2004 ] 16号）也要求：要帮助大学生树立正确的就业观念，要进一步建立健全大学生就业指导机构和就业信息服务系统，提供高效优质的就业创业服务，努力解决大学生实际问题。高等院校必须认识到，做好大学生就业指导工作，促进学生充分就业，对于缓解就业压力，维护社会稳定具有重大的意义。陕西省作为西北地区的教育大省，拥有高校数量仅次于北京和上海，位于全国第三，在国家人才战略中具有举足轻重的地位。为此开展陕西地方本科高校大学生职业生涯规划教育问题与对策研究就显得尤为重要。 本文主要通过文献法、经验法和抽样问卷调查法展开分析研究。采用文献法大量收集国内外在本研究领域的成果，并对收集的资料进行研究、对比、筛选，从而归纳总结出目前研究状况的发展趋势，为论文的进一步研究奠定理论基础。采用抽样问卷调查法对西安科技大学、西安建筑科技大学、西安理工大学、西安石油大学、西安工程大学、西安财经学院、西安邮电学院、西安外国语大学、西北政法大学、西安文理学院、西安工业学院、陕西科技大学、咸阳师范学院、陕西中医学院、陕西理工学院十五所高校的2000名学生进行问卷调查、统计和分析，在借鉴相关学者的已有研究成果基础上，笔者认为陕西地方本科高校职业生涯规划教育存在以下突出问题：（1）教育内容的“单一性”；（2）教育工作的“季节性”；（3）教育队伍的“非专业性”；（4）教育对象的“无差异性”；（5）教育模式的“陈旧性”。针对以上问题进行原因分析包括：（1）传统就业观念的长期影响；（2）缺乏完善的教育指导体系；（3）高校对师资队伍建设重视不够；（4）大量实务性工作占据就业指导中心工作比重过高；（5）传统教学观的影响。综合上述理论分析和实际工作研究，本文在分析陕西地方本科高校大学生职业生涯规划教育存在的问题和原因的基础上的对策：（1）理论性与实践性相结合；（2）全程化与阶段化相结合；（3）专业化与职业化相结合；（4）全员化与个性化相结合；（5）主体性与多样性相结合。同时，为了使陕西地方本科高校大学生职业生涯规划教育的教育对策能够得到有效实施，还提出了国家法律保障、制度保障、组织保障、环境保障的具体保障措施。

ABSTRACT In the higher education from elite education to mass education today, university students face more and more pressure on employment. How to improve students' employment competitiveness and the comprehensive quality of students has become the focus in the society. College students’ occupation career planning education which is also in this context has gradually aroused people's attention. Occupation career planning education for college students to establish correct world outlook, outlook on life, values, to scientific plan their own learning, life and future occupation choice, to form correct occupation development concept, to enhance their competitiveness and to achieve individual and occupation of the optimal combination and the all-round development of people as well as our country rich in human resources implementation of the strategy has important theoretical significance and the practical significance. "The CPC Central Committee and State Council on Strengthening and Improving College Students' Ideological and Political Education Opinion" ([2004] 16 date) also requires: to help students to establish a correct concept of employment, to further establish and improve the college students' employment guidance and employment information service system, to provide high-quality and efficient employment and enterprise services, efforts to resolve the actual problem of College students. Colleges and universities must realize that, to the university student career guidance work, promoting students' full employment to alleviate the employment pressure and maintain social stability is of great significance. Shaanxi Province as the northwest region of the large Educational Province has a number of Colleges after Beijing and Shanghai, which is located in the third in the national and plays a decisive role in the talent strategy. Therefore, Shaanxi local undergraduate university students’ occupation career planning problems and Countermeasures of education is particularly important. This article develops and analyzes mainly through literature method, experience method and sampling investigation method of the questionnaire analysis research. Using literature method to collect a large number of domestic and abroad in this field of research results and the information collected to study, contrast and screening, to summarize the current research status development trend lays theoretical foundation for the further research. Adopting the questionnaire method to Xi'an University of Science And Technology, Xi'an University Of Architecture And Technology, Xi'an University of technology, Xi'an Petroleum University, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an Institute of Finance and Economics, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an International Studies University, Northwest University of Politics and Law, Xi'an University of Arts and Science, Xi'an Technological University, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xianyang Normal University, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Technology, fifteen universities, 2000 students conducted the questionnaire surveys, statistics and analysis. Based on the lesson of the existing research results, the author thinks that the career planning education in Shaanxi local undergraduate universities exist the following problems: (1) the educational content of "oneness"; (2) education "seasonal"; (3) teachers "professional"; (4) the education object "no difference"; (5) education mode "obsolete". The above questions carry on the reason analysis including: (1) the long-term effects of the traditional employment concept; (2) the lack of perfect education system; (3) seriously insufficient of the professor-team construction; (4) practical work occupying too high proportion in the center of obtaining employment guidance work; (5) the influence of traditional teaching concepts. Based on the analysis of the theoretical analysis and practical research above and the foundation of Shaanxi local undergraduate university students’ career planning education existence questions and reasons, the article comes up with the countermeasures: (1) theoretical and practical combination; (2) the whole stage combination; (3) specialization and occupation of a combination; (4) full and personalized combination; (5) the subjectivity and diversity combination. At the same time, in order to make the Shaanxi local undergraduate university students’ career planning education countermeasure can be effectively implemented, the article also offers the specific safeguard measures as law security, system security, organizational security and environment security.