透明聚氨酯弹性体是近年来聚氨酯弹性体（PU）的一个新的发展方向，由于聚氨酯弹性体软硬段的相互作用，使制备具有优良力学性能和光学透明性PU成为可能，并且已经在很多领域应用，特别是隔热保温领域。 本文采用价格低廉的甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、聚丙二醇（PPG）、交联扩链剂1，4丁二醇（BD）和三羟甲基丙烷（TMP）合成一系列透明聚氨酯弹性体，利用FRIR、DSC、TG和WAXD等测试方法研究了软、硬段结构、交联、氢键以及反应条件等对聚氨酯弹性体力学性能、光学透明性、以及热稳定性等性能的影响。最后通过复合纳米ZnO半导体粒子，合成一系列聚氨酯隔热材料，讨论了纳米ZnO对聚氨酯弹性体力学性能、隔热性能、光学透明性、热稳定性能的影响。 聚氨酯弹性体硬段含量增加，硬段间的氢键密度增大，有利于微相分离程度增加，导致体系的拉伸强度、杨氏模量提高，断裂伸长率下降，光学透明性下降；但是当硬段摩尔分率增大到78% 左右，由于体系中小分子数目增多，分子量的分散指数增大，不利于硬段的有序排列，聚氨酯弹性体的力学性能下降，光学透明性增加。随着三元醇交联剂物质的量比率的增加，聚氨酯弹性体力学性能显著提高，光学透明性下降。R值（-NCO/–OH）也是影响聚氨酯弹性体力学性能的一个主要因素。随着R值增加，聚氨酯弹性体力学性能先增加后减小。除此以外，温度对聚氨酯弹性体的各项性能有明显的影响，固化温度升高时，聚氨酯弹性体的力学性能和光学透明性均有所下降；反应温度升高时，聚氨酯弹性体的力学性能有所上升，光学透明性下降。 本文通过理论计算，着重讨论了PU中共聚和物理交联对微相分离程度和性能的影响。定量研究了软段相中形成氢键的醚氧单元摩尔分数和融入软段相中的硬段的重量分数。计算结果与实验事实相符。 最后，本文在透明聚氨酯基础上制得聚氨酯隔热材料，添加纳米氧化锌后，总体力学性能都有所上升，纳米氧化锌添加量为1%时，聚氨酯弹性体具有良好的隔热性能。

Transparent Polyurethane Elastomer is a new development trend of Polyurethane Elastomer (PU) in recent years. Interaction of PU soft and hard segment makes it possible to prepare transparent PU with good mechanical property, which has been applied in many areas, especially in heat insulation area. The progressing research in transparent PU is a chance to develop the transparent heat insulation materials. In the thesis, a series of transparent PU are prepared by using Toluene Disocyanate (TDI), Polypropylene Glycol (PPG2000), 1.4-butanedio (BD) and Trimethylopropane (TMP). The items, that the influence of the relationship of soft and hard segment structure, cross linkage, hydrogen bond, reaction conditions on mechanical property, light transparency, thermal stability of transparent PU, are studied by FRIR, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermal Grarimet-ric (TG), and X-ray Diffraction (WAXD).At last, heat insulation PU composite material is prepared by compounding semiconductor nano ZnO. The influence of nano ZnO on mechanical property, heat insulation, light transparency and thermal stability of transparent PU is discussed. As the hard segment content and hydrogen bond density increase the microphase separation degree enlarges, then, the mechanical properties of PU increase and light transparency decreases in the system. However, as the hard segment content increases to 78% or so, mechanical properties of PU decrease and light transparency increases, because, as the number of small molecule increases, the polydispersity of molecular weight increases, then, the order array of the hard segment decreases in the system. As the triol cross linkage agent increases mechanical property increases prominently and light transparency decreases. R (–NCO/ –OH) is also one of the major factors of effect PU mechanical property. As the R increases, the mechanical property increases at first, decreases later. Furthermore, the temperature influences all kinds of properties of PU prominently. As the curing temperature increases, mechanical property and light transparency decrease; as the reaction temperature increases, mechanical property increases and light transparency decreases. By theoretical calculation, the microphase separation degree and performance are quantitatively evaluated by the copolymerization and physical crosslinking of PU in the thesis. Calculation results agree with experiment. In the end, the heat insulation material is prepared on the foundation of transparent PU. After compounded 1% nano ZnO, PU has good heat insulation property.