气体爆炸事故频发于煤矿行业，对国民经济造成了不可忽略的损失，如何预控和防治此类事故已成为安全领域的科研热点。针对多因素耦合的气体燃爆过程，完善爆炸点火、效应特性的基础理论体系，对爆炸预控、防治技术的发展具有重要现实意义。

本文根据热力学基础理论，提出火焰逐层传播构想，将复杂多变的燃烧过程具象为多次火焰传播的叠加效应。结合微元化与求和积分的方法，建立计算可燃气最小点火能的数学模型。采用高速摄像环境下20L球型密闭爆炸实验系统，捕捉点火初期爆炸特性参数，通过实例验证模型的可靠性。形成具有95%精确度且适用于任意浓度可燃气体与理想粉体(粉体粒子均匀分布)的最小点火能预测方法。

通过基础化学分析对模型特性与参数规律进行剖析，并评估模型在可燃粉体领域的适用性。分子结构与键能对最小点火能起主要作用，分子结构越复杂、键能越高，最小点火能越大。对于有机同系物而言，分子量对最小点火能起次要作用，分子量越小，最小点火能越大。燃料分子放热与传热能力、传热面积与分子数目影响火焰对外加能量的依赖性，依赖越小燃料被点燃所需能量越小。其中放热与传热能力增强会减弱火焰对外加能量的依赖，燃料分子数目上升会减弱火焰对外加能量的依赖，增大传热面积会加重火焰对外加能量的依赖。特别的是，火焰诱导期与最小点火能的近线性关系是可燃气燃爆过程中的非偶然性现象。

引入过剩点火能表述实际点火能与最小点火能的差值，其对可燃气爆炸具有物理与化学的双重作用。物理作用致使爆炸压力峰值上升、爆炸强度增大，化学作用致使爆炸压力峰值提前、爆炸压力上升速率加快，由此提出强度效应量与催化效应量两个特征参数表述理化作用的程度。采用电子点火环境下20L球型密闭爆炸实验系统，探究体积分数及点火能量对强度效应量与催化效应量的影响。强度效应量与过剩点火能呈线性正相关关系。催化效应量与过剩点火能呈非线性负相关关系。燃料分子数目越多，过剩点火能的作用越弱，强度效应量与催化效应量越小。

本文对煤矿安全生产具有重要的理论指导意义与工程应用价值，一方面，火焰逐层传播构想为简化传热传质问题提供了新思路。另一方面，气体爆炸压力与最小点火能的数学模型为爆炸预警监测技术与新型防控设施的发展提供了新方向。

Gas explosion accidents occur frequently in the coal mining industry, which has caused non-negligible losses to the national economy. How to pre-control and prevent such accidents has become a hot spot of scientific research in the field of safety. Aiming at the gas explosion process with multi-factor coupling, perfecting the basic theoretical system of explosion ignition and effect characteristics is of great practical significance to the development of explosion pre-control and prevention technology.

This paper puts forward the idea of flame propagation layer by layer according to the basic theory of thermodynamics. The complex and changeable combustion process is represented as the superposition effect of multiple flame propagation. Combined with the method of differentiating and summing integral, a mathematical model for calculating the minimum ignition energy of combustible gas is established. The explosion characteristic parameters at the initial stage of ignition are captured by a 20L spherical closed explosion experimental system in a high-speed camera environment, and the reliability of the model is verified by an example. A minimum ignition energy prediction method with 95% accuracy and suitable for any concentration of combustible gas and ideal powder (uniform distribution of powder particles) is formed.

The characteristics and parameter rules of the model are analyzed by basic chemical analysis, and the applicability of the model in the field of combustible powder is evaluated. Molecular structure and bond energy play an important role in the minimum ignition energy. The more complex the molecular structure is, the higher the bond energy is and the greater the minimum ignition energy is. For organic homologues, molecular weight plays an important role in the minimum ignition energy. The smaller the molecular weight, the greater the minimum ignition energy. The exothermic and heat transfer capacity of fuel molecules, the heat transfer area and the number of molecules affect the dependence of flame on external energy. the smaller the dependence, the less energy required for fuel to be ignited. Among them, the enhancement of exothermic and heat transfer capacity will weaken the dependence of flame on external energy, the increase of the number of fuel molecules will weaken the dependence of flame on external energy, and the increase of heat transfer area will increase the dependence of flame on external energy. In particular, the near-linear relationship between the flame induction period and the minimum ignition energy is a non-accidental phenomenon in the process of combustible gas explosion.

The excess ignition energy is introduced to express the difference between the actual ignition energy and the minimum ignition energy, which has both physical and chemical effects on the flammable gas explosion. The physical action leads to the increase of the explosion pressure peak value and the explosion intensity, while the chemical action leads to the advance of the explosion pressure peak value and the acceleration of the explosion pressure rise rate. As a result, two characteristic parameters, intensity effect, and catalytic effect are proposed to express the degree of physical and chemical action. A 20L spherical closed explosion experimental system under an electronic ignition environment was used to explore the effects of volume fraction and ignition energy on intensity effect and catalytic effect. There is a positive linear correlation between the strength effect and the excess ignition energy. There is a non-linear negative correlation between the catalytic effect and the excess ignition energy. The more the number of fuel molecules is, the weaker the effect of excess ignition energy is, and the smaller the intensity effect and catalytic effect are.

This paper has important theoretical guiding significance and engineering application value for coal mine safety production. On the one hand, the idea of flame propagation layer by layer provides a new idea for simplifying the problem of heat and mass transfer. On the other hand, the mathematical model of gas explosion pressure and minimum ignition energy provides a new direction for the development of explosion early warning and monitoring technology and new prevention and control facilities.

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