软岩回采巷道底鼓机理一直是采矿科学领域的难题，开展煤矿软岩回采巷道破坏机理及支护技术研究具有重要的理论意义和工程实用价值。本文通过现场调研、观测及理论分析，对红石岩煤矿12406工作面回风顺槽的变形破坏机理进行了研究，提出了针对12407回风顺槽的加固与维护方案。 通过现场调研与观测，对已经产生破坏且尚未进行起底处理的12406回风顺槽现场破坏情况进行了详细描述，观测显示12406回风顺槽的破坏呈区段性分布，且不同区段的破坏状况差异很大。 针对巷道因破坏机理不同而造成的不同破坏现象的特点，通过对该巷道的地质构造研究发现，该巷道穿过两个地质构造带，地质构造对煤层顶底板岩层厚度及节理发育情况有明显的影响，这些影响直接导致不同区段对应的12405工作面采空区顶板垮落状况不同，进而造成12406回风顺槽围岩受力的不同；通过水文环境调查发现，巷道水文环境较好，排除遇水膨胀造成底鼓的可能性；通过对顶底板及煤体岩性进行实验室分析发现，顶板岩性较硬，自稳能力较好，底板岩性较软，底板受到来自两帮的高应力作用时易产生破坏形成底鼓，这与现场观测到的顶底板情况相吻合；通过对巷道底鼓与采动的时间关系并结合郎肯土压力理论对该巷道受采动影响产生破坏的底鼓破坏的机理进行了分析。最终得到12406回风顺槽底鼓破坏的机理,确定12406回风顺槽底鼓破坏的形式为挤压流动型破坏。 对各种巷道底鼓破坏的治理方案进行了辩证分析，结合该顺槽的破坏特点确定了对12407回风顺槽采用注浆加固及开挖卸压槽的维护方案，以防止12407回风顺槽再次发生类似12406回风顺槽的变形破坏。最后利用Flac 3D数值模拟软件对未支护、原支护方案与治理方案下的围岩应力分布及围岩位移变化进行模拟比较，进一步确定原支护方案失稳的原因及新方案的可行性。

Mechanism of floor heave in soft rock roadway is a difficult issue in mining field, so studying coal mines stopping roadway failure mechanism and support technology is of great theoretical significance and engineering practical value. Through field research, observation and theoretical analysis, we study the deformation failure mechanism in working face return air laneway 12406 in Hongshiyan coal mine. Then reinforcement and maintenance schemes are put forward to return air laneway 12407. After field research and observation, we did detailed description on damage conditions in return air laneway 12406, where the damage has appeared but the floor has not been shoveled. The observation tells that the degree of damage varies and conditions differ greatly according to different zones Due to the trait that different failure mechanisms result in different damages and research on geologic structure of the roadway, this roadway goes through two geologic sections and geologic structure influences the roof and floor rock thickness and its joint development greatly. The influences lead to different roof rock caving conditions in different zones of working face 12405 goaf, and then surrounding rock in 12405 return air laneway is under different stress; by hydrological environment investigation, we know roadway’s hydrological environment is fine, so it is impossible that floor heave results from swelling after contacting water; after experiments on roof and floor and coal lithology, we learn that roof rock is harder with good self-supporting ability while floor rock is softer. The floor rock is vulnerable to be damaged to be heaving floor under two sides’ high stress, which matches the filed observation perfectly. Through the relationship between floor heave and mining time, as well as Rankine’s earth pressure theory, we analyze the floor heave failure mechanism affected by mining. Finally floor heave failure mechanism in 12406 return air laneway has been decided and the deformation is extrusion flow type. Combine dialectic analysis of various solution schemes for floor heave deformation and this laneway’s deformation traits, we decide the solutions of grouting, reinforcement and digging pressure relief groove in 12407 return air laneway to avoid similar deformation to 12406 laneway. Flac 3D software is adopted to simulate and then compare the surrounding rock force distributions and displacement changes under unsupported situation, original supporting scheme and solutions scheme. Finally, the reasons for original scheme’s instability and new scheme’s feasibility have been decided.