富油煤广泛分布于我国西北部地区，是一种兼具煤、油、气属性的特殊矿产资源。黄铁矿作为富油煤中赋存较多的矿物之一，赋存形态多样化，且对富油煤的热解存在一定的影响。为探索陕北富油煤中黄铁矿的赋存形态特征，研究黄铁矿对富油煤热解过程中的作用机理，本研究以陕北侏罗纪煤田柠条塔、曹家滩和小纪汗井田富油煤为研究对象，通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对富油煤中黄铁矿的赋存形态进行研究；结合低温氮气吸附、热失重、原位红外光谱以及原位拉曼光谱等测试方法，对添加不同含量黄铁矿的富油煤热解过程中孔隙结构的变化、失重差异以及微分子结构的作用机理进行研究。

研究结果表明：（1）柠条塔和曹家滩井田富油煤中黄铁矿以自形晶粒状、莓球状、充填裂隙状、充填细胞腔及聚集团块状为主，小纪汗井田以微细粒自形晶粒状、莓球状、裂隙充填状、聚集团块状及半胶团块状为典型特征。（2）400℃前，黄铁矿对煤内部孔隙结构几乎没有影响，400℃以后，温度逐渐升高，黄铁矿逐渐分解，发生相变，释放大量气态硫化物，导致煤中孔隙增加。（3）基于热失重、失重速率以及热解动力学参数分析，400℃以后，富油煤的失重程度显著增加，活化能增大，相同热解条件下，亮煤热解更快，失重更多，所需能量较少，更容易热解，加入黄铁矿能够显著降低煤样活化能，减少富油煤热解所需要的能量，6%含量黄铁矿催化效果最优。（4）随着热解温度的升高，400℃以后富油煤中脂肪结构和含氧官能团快速分解，添加黄铁矿的煤样分解速度更快，表明黄铁矿促进了脂肪结构和含氧官能团的分解，且6%含量黄铁矿的促进作用最显著，与热重分析结果一致。（5）通过拉曼光谱参数的变化，发现350℃之前，黄铁矿几乎不会对煤内部结构产生影响，350℃之后，脂肪族结构断裂引发芳构化，I_D/I_G值减小，煤样内部缺陷增加和石墨化程度的加深，W_D先增大后减小，D峰蓝移，G峰先红移再蓝移。黄铁矿加剧低温阶段结构的无序性，但高温阶段催化脂肪自由基向芳烃和环烷烃转化，促进内部缺陷湮灭，增强结构有序化。

Tar-rich coal is widely distributed in the northwest of China. It is a special mineral resource with coal, tar and gas properties. Pyrite, as one of the most abundant minerals in tar-rich coal, has diversified occurrence forms and has a certain influence on the pyrolysis of tar-rich coal. In order to explore the occurrence characteristics of pyrite in tar-rich coal in northern Shaanxi and study the mechanism of pyrite in the pyrolysis process of tar-rich coal, this study takes the tar-rich coal of Ningtiaota, Caojiatan and Xiaojihan minefield in the Jurassic coalfield of northern Shaanxi as the research object. The occurrence of pyrite in tar-rich coal was studied by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and energy spectrometer. Combined with low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, thermogravimetric analysis, in-situ infrared spectroscopy and in-situ Raman spectroscopy, pore structure change, the weight loss difference and the mechanism of action of micro-molecular structure during the pyrolysis of tar-rich coal with different pyrite contents were studied.

The results show that: (1) The pyrite in the tar-rich coal of Ningtiaota and Caojiatan coalfields is mainly composed of euhedral grain shape, berry ball shape, filling fissure shape, filling cell cavity and agglomerate block. The Xiaojihan coalfield is characterized by micro-fine euhedral grain shape, berry ball shape, fissure filling shape, agglomerate block and semi-micelle block. (2) Before 400 ℃, pyrite has little effect on the internal pore structure of coal. After 400 ℃, the temperature gradually increases, pyrite gradually decomposes, phase transition occurs, and a large amount of gaseous sulfide is released, resulting in an increase in pores in coal. (3) Based on the analysis of thermal weight loss, weight loss rate and pyrolysis kinetic parameters, after 400 ℃, the weight loss degree of tar-rich coal increased significantly, and the activation energy increased. Under the same pyrolysis conditions, the pyrolysis of bright coal is faster, the weight loss is more, the energy required is less, and it is easier to pyrolyze. Adding pyrite can significantly reduce the activation energy of coal samples and reduce the energy required for pyrolysis of tar-rich coal. The catalytic effect of 6 % pyrite is the best. (4) With the increase of pyrolysis temperature, the fat structure and oxygen-containing functional groups in tar-rich coal decompose rapidly after 400 ℃, and the decomposition rate of coal samples with pyrite is faster, indicating that pyrite promotes the decomposition of fat structure and oxygen-containing functional groups, and the promotion effect of 6 % pyrite is the most significant, which is consistent with the results of thermogravimetric analysis. (5) Through the change of Raman spectroscopy parameters, it is found that pyrite has little effect on the internal structure of coal before 350 ℃. After 350 ℃, the fracture of aliphatic structure leads to aromatization, the I_D/I_G value decreases, the internal defects of coal samples increase and the degree of graphitization deepens. W_D increases first and then decreases, D peak blue shifts, and G peak red shifts first and then blue shifts. Pyrite aggravates the disorder of the structure at the low temperature stage, but catalyzes the conversion of aliphatic free radicals to aromatic hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes at the high temperature stage, promotes the annihilation of internal defects, and enhances the ordering of the structure.

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