随着对可持续能源需求的增加，熔盐储热技术的研究和应用不断深化，成为提升光热发电效率和经济性的关键因素。其中氯盐以种类繁多、价格低廉、相变潜热大、具备更优异的高温热稳定性被广泛应用于CSP电站中。但熔融氯盐在高温下对金属材料具有高腐蚀性，因此必须解决其在高温下的强腐蚀性问题。针对熔盐腐蚀控制技术问题，本文采用在氯化物熔盐中添加少量Al粉，以期在消耗熔盐中氧化性杂质的同时，在合金表面原位生成具有保护性的富Al层。

本文采用高温电化学法及浸泡腐蚀法研究了304不锈钢及HT700合金在添加0 wt.%、1 wt.%、2 wt.%、5 wt.% Al粉的700°C熔融NaCl-KCl-MgCl₂中的腐蚀行为，测试了腐蚀前后HT700合金的力学性能。使用带能谱仪的扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪测定了两种合金的表面及截面腐蚀形貌和腐蚀产物相组成。结合电化学阻抗谱和动电位极化曲线，分析并讨论了两种合金在不同含量Al缓蚀剂的高温熔融氯盐中的腐蚀行为，分析了高温熔盐腐蚀对HT700合金力学性能影响以及Al缓蚀剂的影响机制。主要结论如下：

（1）304不锈钢在高温熔融氯盐中的腐蚀主要是由于Fe、Cr元素向外扩散导致，而HT700合金则主要是由于Cr元素向外扩散导致；相较于304不锈钢，HT700合金中Fe含量下降41%、Ni含量提高35%、Cr含量提高3%，另外加入了0.3%含量的Mo、2.1%含量的Al，使其耐氯化物熔盐腐蚀性能提升。

（2）Al缓蚀剂的加入使得304不锈钢、HT700合金在高温熔融氯盐中表面形成Al₂O₃保护膜，或进一步形成渗Al层，有效抑制合金中活泼元素（如Cr、Fe元素）的向外扩散，从而延缓合金在氯化物熔盐中的腐蚀。且随着Al缓蚀剂含量的增多，耐蚀效果增强，腐蚀层厚度降低。

（3）在对高温熔融氯盐环境中腐蚀后的HT700合金进行力学拉伸试验时，断裂形式为韧断与脆断混合断裂。与腐蚀抑制效果不一样的是：不同含量Al缓蚀剂对HT700合金在高温熔融氯盐中腐蚀的力学性能影响，随着Al缓蚀剂含量的增多，外氧化腐蚀层厚度下降，总体上力学性能得到提高，如强度及塑性；但当Al缓蚀剂过量时，在韧窝处会伴随着夹杂氧化物Al₂O₃的存在，其在应力作用下可能会作为裂纹源，诱发局部脆性断裂，从而导致合金力学性能下降。

With the increasing demand for sustainable energy, the research and application of molten salt heat storage technology are deepening, which has become a key factor to improve the efficiency and economy of photothermal power generation. Among them, chloride salts are widely used in CSP power plants due to their wide variety, low price, large latent heat of phase change and better high temperature thermal stability. However, molten chloride salt has high corrosion to metal materials at high temperature, so it is necessary to solve the problem of strong corrosion at high temperature. Aiming at the problem of molten salt corrosion control technology, a small amount of Al powder was added to the chloride molten salt in this paper, in order to generate a protective Al-rich layer in situ on the surface of the alloy while consuming the oxidizing impurities in the molten salt.

In this paper, the corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel and HT700 alloy in molten NaCl-KCl-MgCl₂ at 700°C with 0 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 2 wt.% and 5 wt.% Al powder was studied by high temperature electrochemical method and immersion corrosion method. The mechanical properties of HT700 alloy before and after corrosion were tested. The surface and cross-section corrosion morphology and corrosion product phase composition of the two alloys were measured by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer. Combined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization curves, the corrosion behavior of the two alloys in high temperature molten chloride with different contents of Al corrosion inhibitor was analyzed and discussed. The effect of high temperature molten salt corrosion on the mechanical properties of HT700 alloy and the influence mechanism of Al corrosion inhibitor were analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows:

(1) The corrosion of 304 stainless steel in high temperature molten chloride salt is mainly caused by the outward diffusion of Fe and Cr elements, while the corrosion of HT700 alloy is mainly caused by the outward diffusion of Cr elements. Compared with 304 stainless steel, the content of Fe in HT700 alloy decreased by 41 %, the content of Ni increased by 35 %, and the content of Cr increased by 3 %. In addition, 0.3 % Mo and 2.1 % Al were added to improve the corrosion resistance of chloride molten salt.

(2) The addition of Al corrosion inhibitor can form Al₂O₃ protective film on the surface of 304 stainless steel and HT700 alloy in high temperature molten chloride salt, or further form Al layer, which can effectively inhibit the outward diffusion of active elements in the alloy, thus delaying the corrosion of the alloy in chloride molten salt. With the increase of Al corrosion inhibitor content, the corrosion resistance effect is enhanced and the thickness of the corrosion layer is reduced.

(3) In the mechanical tensile test of HT700 alloy corroded in high temperature molten chloride environment, the fracture form is ductile fracture and brittle fracture mixed fracture. Different from the effect of corrosion inhibition, the effect of different content of Al corrosion inhibitor on the mechanical properties of HT700 alloy in high temperature molten chloride salt is different. With the increase of Al corrosion inhibitor content, the thickness of external oxidation corrosion layer decreases, and the mechanical properties are improved, such as strength and plasticity. However, when the Al corrosion inhibitor is excessive, the dimples will be accompanied by the presence of oxide Al₂O₃, which may act as a crack source under stress and induce local brittle fracture, resulting in a decrease in the mechanical properties of the alloy.

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