太西无烟煤是稀缺矿产资源，如何延长资源使用寿命，最大限度提高其利用效率，是研究的热点问题。本文以超纯太西无烟煤为模板，原位聚合制备聚苯胺/超纯太细无烟煤导电复合材料。通过电导率测试结合SEM、XRD、TG、BET等分析手段，探讨了无烟煤的用量、掺杂酸的种类、无烟煤的氧化改性方法对聚苯胺/超纯太西无烟煤导电复合材料的结构与性能的影响。并且依据分形理论建立了聚苯胺、聚苯胺/超纯太西无烟煤复合材料的生长模型。 首先，煤大分子酸、HCl、对甲苯磺酸（TSA）掺杂的聚苯胺/超纯太西无烟煤复合材料的电导率均随苯胺含量的增加而增大，聚苯胺均与超纯太西无烟煤之间存在化学键合，且掺杂主要发生在醌二亚胺结构单元上。在苯胺含量相同时，TSA掺杂的聚苯胺/超纯太西无烟煤复合材料电导率最佳，HCl掺杂的次之，煤大分子酸掺杂的最差； TSA能有效掺杂于聚苯胺链上，较HCl、煤大分子酸掺杂的聚苯胺/超纯太西无烟煤复合材料结晶度好且具有纳米线结构。二次掺杂并未改变HCl掺杂复合材料的链结构，TSA虽能起到掺杂作用，但二次掺杂较HCl掺杂结晶度低。TSA掺杂提高了聚苯胺/超纯太西无烟煤复合材料的热稳定性，HCl掺杂使其具有良好的导电性。 其次，氧化处理增加了煤表面的羧基、羟基等极性官能团，使其与聚苯胺可以发生更多键合与掺杂，从而增强其界面作用；改善了煤的孔结构及孔分布，起到了疏通孔道的作用，使复合材料表面的棒状结构分布更为均匀致密，结晶度和热稳定性提高。复合材料的导电性由煤的大分子骨架结构、孔结构及其酸性官能团含量的协调平衡作用决定的，因联合氧化较NaClO更大幅度破坏了超纯太西无烟煤的大分子骨架结构，尽管酸性官能团含量增加，但无法改善复合材料的导电性能，而NaClO氧化煤使复合材料具有更高的电导率。 最后，分形理论分析表明，聚苯胺微粒的生长符合扩散受限制的凝聚（DLA）模型，其结构为具有自相似性的分枝结构；聚苯胺在煤模版中的分形聚合生长受到界面作用与导向作用的影响。聚苯胺在溶液中的聚合生成不规则球状形貌，在煤外表面聚合生长呈现层状堆叠形貌，而在煤孔结构内生成以孔为导向作用的棒状结构。此外，由于浓度差导致的时间差致使聚苯胺在煤表面包覆不均匀。 聚苯胺/煤复合材料是一类新型煤基功能材料，有望应用于导电材料、抗静电材料、防腐涂料等方面，即降低了聚苯胺的成本，又延长了太西无烟煤的产业链，提高了太西无烟煤的综合利用效率。

Taixi Anthracite as a scarce mineral resource occupies an important position in China's coal varieties and production. Thus extending its resource life and increasing its utilization efficiency have become the research focuses. In this paper, ultrapure Taixi anthracite was used as a template and polyaniline/ultrapure Taixi anthracite conductive composites (PANI/UTXA) were fabricated by the in situ polymerization. The effects of the amount of anthracite, the species of doping acid, and the oxidative modification methods of anthracite on the structure and properties of PANI/UTXA waere explored by means of conductivity measurement, SEM, XRD, TG and the BET, etc. Meanwhile, the growth model of PANI/UTXA was presented by using the fractal theory. First of all, all the conductivity of no external acid, HCl, and TSA doped PANI/UTXA increase with the increase of aniline content. With the same aniline content, the order of the conductivity of different modified PANI/UTXA composites is : TSA doped PANI/UTXA> HCl-doped PANI/UTXA>no external acid doped PANI/UTXA. There are chemical bonding between polyaniline and ultrapure Taixi anthracite and doping occurs mainly in the quinone diimine structure unit. TSA can be effectively doped to the molecule chain of polyaniline, and the TSA doped PANI/UTXA obtains a high crystallization and well-developed nanowire structure compared to HCl doped and no external acid doped PANI/UTXA. Additionally, secondary doping does not change the chain structure of PANI/UTXA composites, but lowers the crystallinity PANI/UTXA. Also, TSA doped PANI/UTXA presents an improved thermal stability. HCl doped PANI/UTXA shows a good electrical conductivity. Secondly, oxidative modification increases the content of COOH and OH groups on the surface of coal, which facilitate the chemical bonding and doping between coal and polyaniline to enhance their interface interaction. It also improves the pore structure and pore size distribution of ultrapure Taixi anthracite, plays a role in dredging channels, resulting in more uniform distribution and more compacted rod structure on PANI/UTXA surface, and increase degree of crystallinity and the thermal stability of the composites. The conductivity of the composites is influenced by the macromolecular skeleton, pore structure, and the content of acidic groups. The combining oxidation can easily destroy the macromolecular skeleton structure of ultrapure Taixi anthricate compared to NaClO oxidation. Although the content of acidic functional groups increases, it can not make up for the effect of the damage of pore structure and macromolecular skeleton on the conductivity. Therefore, compared with combining oxidation, NaClO oxidation can obviously improve the conductivity of PANI/UTXA composites. Finally, taking advantage of the fractal theory, the growth model of PANI/UTXA is presented. The results show that the growth of polyaniline particles keeps accordance with the DLA model, and the structure of polyaniline is a branching structure with self-similarity; the fractal growth of polyaniline in the reaction system of PANI/UTXA is affected by the interfacial interaction and the guiding role. The polymerization growth of polyaniline shows an irregular spherical morphology, layered stack morphology and a rod-like structure in aniline solution, the outer surface of coal, and the limited inner space of coal, respectively. Meanwhile, the polyaniline coating on coal surface is not uniform due to the concentration difference. Polyaniline/coal composites as a new functional materials can be widely used as conductive materials, antistatic materials, and anti-corrosion coatings. On the one hand, the high cost of polyaniline production can be effectively solved; on the other hand, the industrial chain of Taixi anthracite is further extended and the utilization efficiency of Taixi anthracite is outstandingly improved.