CO₂突出灾害在我国部分矿区存在，但其鉴定、预测技术尚未解决，矿井安全生产深受其困扰。因此，本文以甘肃窑街矿区金河煤矿作为研究背景，采用理论分析、实验室研究、物理模拟实验相结合的手段，对金河煤矿CO₂突出问题开展了系统分析，研究了CO₂突出煤体的孔隙结构特征、吸附特性以及突出致灾规律，研究成果将进一步充实CO₂突出灾害预防基础理论，指导CO₂突出灾害防控。主要结论如下：

（1）通过低温液氮吸附和低场核磁共振实验，分析了CO₂突出煤体的孔隙结构，得出金河煤样的孔隙发育特征，其中微孔最为发育，构成了瓦斯吸附容积；孔隙类型为圆筒形孔、墨水瓶孔以及平板狭缝型孔；吸附孔连通性较差，渗流孔连通性较好；高压的CO₂赋存使煤层具有CO₂突出危险性；结合分形理论，对实验煤样的孔隙结构进行分形表征，表面分形维数D₁介于2.614~2.691之间，孔隙表面粗糙，对CO₂具有较强的吸附性，结构分形维数D₂介于2.333~2.474之间，孔隙结构简单，非均质性程度较低；煤样孔径段中孔、大孔的分形维数相关性较高，小孔分形维数相关性较差，微孔对分形维数的影响最大。

（2）开展了5种不同比例CH₄/CO₂混合气体在煤中的等温吸附实验，得出煤样对CO₂的吸附能力强，CO₂在竞争吸附中占据优势；CO₂突出矿区采用CH₄的压缩因子计算的混合气体的吸附常数a偏大，瓦斯含量计算不准；采用实际的压缩因子计算混合气体的吸附常数a相对准确；Langmuir模型不能准确描述CO₂在煤中的吸附行为，基于微孔填充的D-A模型对于CO₂的拟合效果最好；在CO₂摩尔分数增多的情况下，考虑表面非均质性的扩展L-F模型对混合气体吸附量展现出很好的预测趋势。

（3）开展了不同瓦斯压力下的CO₂突出动力效应模拟实验，从突出腔体及巷道参数演化规律、突出冲击波传播规律、突出煤粉的运移及分布特征以及CO₂突出过程中的能量转化四方面分析了CO₂突出过程中的致灾规律，得出CO₂突出的临界瓦斯压力为0.542MPa，采用幂函数P=a*tⁱ能够较好地描述瓦斯压力随时间的变化关系；瓦斯压力与浓度呈正相关，不同瓦斯压力下进风巷均出现瓦斯逆流现象，突出腔体内温度出现“温升区”和“温降区”；CO₂压力越大，冲击波超压峰值越高，主巷道均处于危害区，进风巷和回风巷危害随突出距离增加逐渐减小。

（4）冲击波阵面传播速度、冲击力衰减系数、平均衰减系数随瓦斯压力的增大而增大，且都呈衰减趋势；两相流以悬浮流、栓流、沙丘流、分层流的不稳定流动形式在巷道内传播；相对突出强度与瓦斯压力呈正相关，主巷道中煤粉质量分布基本呈现“中部高，两端低”的现象，回风巷突出煤粉质量大于进风巷突出煤粉质量；模拟实验煤粉只有加速和减速阶段，造成了实验室和现场突出分选性的矛盾，煤体在突出过程中发生不同程度的破碎，巷道煤粉粒径分布为5mm以下＞5mm＞10mm＞20mm＞30mm以上；瓦斯内能是突出发生的主要能量来源，其形式主要是吸附瓦斯解吸膨胀能与游离瓦斯膨胀能；瓦斯内能大部分用于煤体的破碎，且瓦斯压力越大，破碎程度越大，少部分用于煤的抛出。

CO₂ outburst disaster exists in some mining areas in China, but its identification and prediction technology has not been solved, and mine safety production is deeply troubled by it. Therefore, this paper takes Jinhe Coal Mine in Yaojie mining area of Gansu Province as the research background, and systematically analyzes the CO₂ outburst problem in Jinhe Coal Mine by means of theoretical analysis, laboratory research and physical simulation experiment. The pore structure characteristics, adsorption characteristics and outburst disaster-causing law of CO₂ outburst coal body are studied. The research results will further enrich the basic theory of CO₂ outburst disaster prevention and guide the prevention and control of CO₂ outburst disaster. The main conclusions are as follows:

(1) Through the low temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption and low field nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, the pore structure of CO₂ outburst coal was analyzed, and the pore development characteristics of Jinhe coal sample were obtained. Among them, the micropores were the most developed, which constituted the gas adsorption volume. The pore types are cylindrical pores, ink bottle pores and flat slit pores; the connectivity of adsorption pores is poor, and the connectivity of seepage pores is good. The occurrence of high pressure CO₂ makes the coal seam have the risk of CO₂ outburst. Combined with fractal theory, the pore structure of the experimental coal samples was characterized by fractal. The surface fractal dimension D1 is between 2.614 and 2.691, the pore surface is rough, and it has strong adsorption to CO₂. The structure fractal dimension D2 is between 2.333 and 2.474, the pore structure is simple and the degree of heterogeneity is low. The fractal dimension of mesopores and macropores in the pore size section of the coal sample is highly correlated, the correlation of the fractal dimension of the small pores is poor, and the micropores have the greatest influence on the fractal dimension.

(2) The isothermal adsorption experiments of five different proportions of CH₄ / CO₂ mixed gas in coal were carried out. It was concluded that the adsorption capacity of coal samples to CO₂ was strong, and CO₂ occupied the advantage in competitive adsorption. The adsorption constant a of the mixed gas calculated by the compression factor of CH₄ in the CO₂ outburst mining area is too large, and the calculation of gas content is not accurate. It is relatively accurate to calculate the adsorption constant a of the mixed gas by using the actual compression factor. The Langmuir model cannot accurately describe the adsorption behavior of CO₂ in coal, and the D-A model based on micropore filling has the best fitting effect on CO₂. In the case of increasing CO₂ mole fraction, the extended L-F model considering surface heterogeneity shows a good prediction trend for mixed gas adsorption.

(3) The simulation experiment of dynamic effect of CO₂ outburst under different gas pressure is carried out. The disaster-causing law of CO₂ outburst is analyzed from four aspects: the evolution law of outburst cavity and roadway parameters, the propagation law of outburst shock wave, the migration and distribution characteristics of outburst pulverized coal and the energy conversion in the process of CO₂ outburst. It is concluded that the critical gas pressure of CO₂ outburst is 0.542 MPa, and the power function P = a * tⁱ can better describe the relationship between gas pressure and time. The gas pressure is positively correlated with the concentration. Under different gas pressures, the gas countercurrent phenomenon occurs in the air inlet roadway, and the temperature in the outburst cavity appears ＂temperature rise zone＂ and ＂temperature drop zone＂. The higher the CO₂ pressure is, the higher the peak value of shock wave overpressure is. The main roadway is in the hazard area, and the hazard of air inlet and return roadway decreases with the increase of outburst distance.

(4) The propagation velocity of impact wave front, the attenuation coefficient of impact force and the average attenuation coefficient increase with the increase of gas pressure, and all show an attenuation trend. The two-phase flow propagates in the roadway in the form of unstable flow of suspended flow, plug flow, dune flow and stratified flow. The relative outburst intensity is positively correlated with the gas pressure. The mass distribution of pulverized coal in the main roadway basically shows the phenomenon of ＂ high in the middle and low at both ends ＂. The quality of outburst pulverized coal in the return air roadway is greater than that in the intake air roadway. The simulation experiment of pulverized coal only has the acceleration and deceleration stages, which causes the contradiction between the laboratory and the field outburst separation. The coal body is broken to varying degrees in the process of outburst. The particle size distribution of pulverized coal in the roadway is below 5mm > 5mm > 10mm > 20mm > 30mm ; gas internal energy is the main energy source of outburst, which is mainly in the form of adsorption gas desorption expansion energy and free gas expansion energy. Most of the gas internal energy is used for the crushing of coal, and the greater the gas pressure, the greater the degree of fragmentation, and a small part is used for the throwing of coal.

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