采空区积水（尤其是老窑采空区积水）具有未知性和突发性，突水时冲击力极强，通常有瞬间淹井的危险，从而造成井下人员伤亡，严重影响到煤矿的安全生产。瞬变电磁法具有对含水体（低阻体）灵敏、工作效率高、仪器设备轻便，在矿产资源勘探、构造探测、水文地质勘探、工程地质以及环境地质调查等众多领域都有着广阔的应用发展前景，是煤矿采空积水区探测的首选方法。由于地质、地球物理条件的复杂性、地球物理技术的多解性，瞬变电磁法方法目前还处于理论研究、实践经验积累的阶段。煤矿采空区（采空积水区）的勘探方法研究还处于发展阶段，勘探手段与理论均不甚完善，还需进一步研究。从目前发表的文献来看，系统的研究、分析总结采空区（积水区）瞬变电磁响应特征方面涉及还较少，尚需进行进一步的系统研究。 本论文首先从瞬变电磁法2.5D正演模拟理论研究的角度出发，在总结桑树坪煤矿的地电结构及煤矿采掘的特点设计简化的煤矿积水采空区理论模型，计算2.5D瞬变电磁响应曲线，根据正演模拟结果来分析该区简化的积水采空区地电模型瞬变电磁响应特征，为在研究区域内采用瞬变电磁法探测煤矿采积水区提供处理、分析和解释依据。理论分析认为在被探测的采空区具备地球物理前提条件下，瞬变电磁法对积水采空区反映明显，横向分辨率高；采空区积水埋藏深度越浅，瞬变电磁法的应用效果越明显，但存在“延时”效应，纵向分辨率较低；在定性解释的基础上采用有效的反演方法对所采集的数据进行定量反演解释可有效提高纵向分辨率，从而有可能分辨多层采空积水区；理论分析认为，TEM对不积水采空区反映不明显。利用研究成果在桑树坪煤矿采空积水区进行应用成果表明，瞬变电磁法在积水采空区探测中的应用效果良好，值得推广。

The sudde water inrush of the mined-out area is strong with huge impact, it may cause instantaneously well submerged and heavy casualties which would seriously affectworking face layout and production safety of the coal mine. Transient electromagnetic method which is sensitive to the low resistance body highly efficiency and portable equiped, it has broad application prospects and great potential for developmentin many areas such as mineral exploration, structural exploration, hydrogeology and engineering geology survey, environmental geological survey. It has become one of the current coal mine water accumulation of goaf detection method of choice. Because of the complexity of geological and geophysical conditions and multi-solutions of geophysical techniques, the transient electromagnetic method itself is still in the stage of experience accumulation and theoretical study, goaf exploration research is still in the stage of development, the exploration method and theory are imperfect and still need further study.From the current published literatures, system research, analysis and summary of goaf (water accumulated area) transient electromagnetic response characteristics are also less involved, it still needs further study. Paper from the perspective of TEM2.5D forward, design the typical theoretical models of the coal mine goafaccumulated with water, calculate 2.5D transient electromagnetic response curve, analysis transient electromagnetic response characteristicsofthe typical mined-out areaaccumulate with water, to provide analysis and interpretation for TEM detection of coal mine goaf water area. This analysis indicates that when the detected goaf is under the preconditions of geophysics, it is obvious TEM response to low resistance goaf the shallower water accumulated goaf buried the effect is more obvious, however there is the “delay” effect, by contrast, TEM to the high resistance goaf is not obvious. Byusingthe research results in SangShuPing coal mine’s water accumulate goaf, the application results show that the transient electromagnetic method has good results on water accumulated goaf detecting, and this method is worth extending.