随着我国交通事业的发展迅速，以中西部地区为重心的高速公路、铁路隧道建设数量及里程不断增加，并且，长大瓦斯隧道数量也在不断增加。然而，对于长大瓦斯隧道，其施工现场环境复杂，需要考虑的因素较多，施工通风系统要求相对较高，因此，瓦斯长大隧道施工通风中的许多问题需要进一步研究。本文以四川宜金高速公路卡哈洛1号隧道为工程背景，利用理论分析、数值模拟及现场实践的方法，对隧道通风流场演化及瓦斯运移规律开展了研究。

基于理论分析，对隧道内部流场区域进行了划分，其主要分为涡流区和回流区，并推导了两种区域下瓦斯运移的微分方程，建立了隧道内部瓦斯运移数学模型。同时，依据现场工程条件，利用Fluent软件建立了隧道三维数值计算模型，与数学模型共同构成隧道瓦斯运移模型。

通过对隧道风流演化开展模拟研究，得到了隧道内风流时变特性，主要表现为射流、涡流及回流不断相互影响、交叉融合的变化规律。同时，通过分析风流空间分布特征，得到了隧道内部各层位风流速度矢量变化及涡强分布规律，掌握了风流场在隧道内的分布区域，其主要分为涡流区、发展区以及稳定区。另外，基于不同通风参数条件下的模拟研究，明晰了各通风参数对风流分布的影响，获得了各参数不同梯度下隧道风管中心面风流场的变化特性。

通过对隧道内部瓦斯运移规律开展模拟研究，得到了隧道掌子面瓦斯浓度的时变特征，量化了掌子面全局瓦斯分布特征。同时，研究了掌子面及前方9m区域内隧道横断面全方位瓦斯分布特性，明确了瓦斯积聚空间变化规律。并且，通过多因素模拟研究，掌握了各通风参数下掌子面及前方区域内瓦斯浓度变化特征，获得了各梯度下瓦斯积聚演化特性。

通过开展正交试验设计，获得了不同试验条件下掌子面处瓦斯积聚浓度，通过分析得到了最优参数组合，分别为风速12m/s、风管直径2.0m、出风口距掌子面距离8m以及出风口距二衬台车距离24m。并应用于隧道现场进行通风系统优化，结果表明随通风时间增加，掌子面以及二衬台车处瓦斯浓度较优化前有明显下降趋势，说明优化后的通风系统，可以有效地降低隧道瓦斯浓度。

通过上述研究，得到了公路瓦斯长大隧道通风流场及瓦斯运移的时空演化机理，进一步完善了瓦斯隧道通风研究，对指导现场进行通风系统优化及保障隧道安全施工有重要的意义。

With the rapid development of China's transportation industry, the number and mileage of highway and railroad tunnel construction focusing on the central and western regions are increasing, and the number of long gas tunnels is also increasing. However, for long gas tunnels, the construction site environment is complex, more factors need to be considered, and the construction ventilation system requirements are relatively high, so many problems in the construction ventilation of long gas tunnels need to be further studied. In this paper, using the Kahaluo No. 1 Tunnel of Yijin Expressway in Sichuan Province as the engineering background, we carried out a study on the evolution of the tunnel ventilation flow field and the law of gas transportation by using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and on-site practice.

Based on the theoretical analysis, the flow field area inside the tunnel is divided into vortex area and reflux area, and the differential equations of gas transport under the two areas are deduced, and a mathematical model of gas transport inside the tunnel is established. At the same time, based on the site engineering conditions, a three-dimensional numerical calculation model of the tunnel was established using Fluent software, which together with the mathematical model constitutes the tunnel gas transport model.

Through the simulation study on the evolution of tunnel wind flow, the time-varying characteristics of wind flow in the tunnel are obtained, which are mainly manifested as the changing rules of jet, vortex and reflux constantly influencing each other and cross-fertilizing. At the same time, by analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics of the wind flow, we obtained the wind flow velocity vector change and vortex strength distribution law of each level inside the tunnel, and grasped the distribution area of the wind flow field inside the tunnel, which is mainly divided into vortex area, development area and stability area. In addition, based on the simulation study under different ventilation parameters, the influence of each ventilation parameter on the wind flow distribution is clarified, and the change characteristics of the wind flow field at the center surface of tunnel ducts under different gradients of each parameter are obtained.

Through the simulation study on the gas transport law inside the tunnel, the time-varying characteristics of the gas concentration in the tunnel palm face were obtained, and the global gas distribution characteristics of the palm face were quantified. At the same time, the full range of gas distribution characteristics of the tunnel cross-section in the palm face and the 9m area in front were studied, and the change rule of gas accumulation space was clarified. Moreover, through the multi-factor simulation study, we have grasped the change characteristics of gas concentration in the palm face and the area in front of it under each ventilation parameter, and obtained the evolution characteristics of gas accumulation under each gradient. The orthogonal test design was carried out to obtain the gas accumulation concentration at the palm face under different test conditions, and the optimal parameter combinations were analyzed and obtained, respectively, the wind speed was 12 m/s, the diameter of the air duct was 2.0 m, the distance of the air outlet from the palm face was 8 m, and the distance of the air outlet from the second lining cart was 24 m. And applied to the tunnel site for ventilation system optimization, the results show that with the increase of ventilation time, the gas concentration at the palm face as well as at the second lining cart has a significant downward trend compared with the pre-optimization, indicating that the optimized ventilation system can effectively reduce the gas concentration in the tunnel.

Through the above study, the ventilation flow field and the spatial and temporal evolution mechanism of gas transport in highway gas long tunnels are obtained, which further improves the study on the ventilation of gas tunnels, and is of great significance in guiding the optimization of the ventilation system and ensuring the safe construction of tunnels in the field.

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