矿井瓦斯既是宝贵的资源，同时也严重威胁着煤矿的安全生产。在煤矿机械以及自动化程度提高的背景下，煤矿的开采深度加深、开采强度加强，瓦斯的涌出量也越来越大。大采高综采的特点是采高大、覆岩裂隙发育范围大，极大的增强了采空区卸压瓦斯运移储集能力，同时也增大了工作面瓦斯防控压力。为此，本文研发了瓦斯运储三维大尺度物理模拟实验系统，从煤层采动覆岩移动、破坏规律以及采动覆岩裂隙特点入手，采用理论分析、实验研究、数值模拟及现场实践相结合的方法，研究了煤层采动覆岩破断裂隙发育以及分布特征，建立了覆岩裂隙瓦斯运储通道数学模型；在此基础上研究了大采高综采条件下卸压瓦斯运储规律，揭示了大采高综采卸压瓦斯运储机理。论文主要内容及成果如下：

（1）基于弹性力学、流体力学建立了瓦斯运储相似准则，基于相似准则成功地研制了以水泥、淀粉为胶结剂的新型物理相似模拟实验室材料，材料在弹性力学与渗流力学方面与原型保持高度一致，满足气固两相物理相似材料的要求，对采用物理相似模拟手段研究瓦斯运储规律取得了较好的促进作用。

（2）采用系统构建的方法，自主设计研发了瓦斯运储三维大尺度物理模拟实验系统。该系统由箱体与基座、自动液压开采、柔性加载、自动通风、瓦斯涌出与瓦斯抽采以及综合数据采集与控制等7个子单元构成。按照相似比1：100，可模拟最大采深2105 m，采高0~12 m以及推进距离200 m；通风单元可模拟U型、U+L型、Y型等多种通风方式以及实现不同风量通风；抽采单元可模拟高位巷、高位钻孔、地面抽采等多种立体化抽采方式；瓦斯涌出单元采用独立注入方式，实现不同瓦斯涌出量、不同位置的瓦斯涌出。实验系统可进行煤层开采、矿井通风、瓦斯涌出与瓦斯抽采等功能的模拟，实现煤层开采过程中覆岩裂隙演化、矿山压力分布、卸压瓦斯运移、瓦斯抽采等科学问题的一体同步研究，为本课题研究提供实验平台支撑。

（3）基于山西某典型大采高综采工作面地质条件，通过大型三维物理相似模拟实验，得到了工作面开采过程覆岩空间微震事件动态分布特征及微震参数变化特征。采用模型剖切的方法，得到大采高综采覆岩裂隙三带分布情况，研究了覆岩层破断下沉关系，以及各覆岩层的下沉量、裂隙密度、裂隙贯通度等特征，得到了瓦斯运储优势通道分布特征。

（4）采用三维大尺度物理相似模拟实验的手段，得到U型通风方式下大采高综采采空区三维裂隙网络空间内瓦斯运储分布规律。在三维空间内，沿工作面方向从进风侧至回风侧瓦斯浓度分布呈增加趋势；在采空区深度方向瓦斯浓度逐渐增加，直至深度采空区瓦斯浓度稳定且维持在较高水平。由于采空区采动覆岩层孔隙率变化影响以及瓦斯升浮-扩散特性，在采空区高度方向上存在明显的分层特征，裂隙带顶端瓦斯浓度为66-68%，瓦斯在采动裂隙中升浮-扩散、渗流，最终富集在裂隙带顶端。

（5）采用物理相似模拟与数值模拟的方法，研究了在不同风量等级、不同通风方法影响下采动覆岩裂隙中瓦斯浓度分布运移规律，得到在工作面方向、采空区深度方向及高度方向上瓦斯受各因素影响程度。

（6）根据大采高综采煤层覆岩采动裂隙演化过程破断时序性和采空区充填特征，给出了大采高综采煤层工作面卸压瓦斯在活跃区、过渡区、压实区采动裂隙中运移特征；分析了瓦斯运储通道的形成与采空区空隙率的分布特征，建立了采空区空隙率分布方程；建立了采动裂隙椭抛带中卸压瓦斯渗流-升浮-扩散综合控制模型，得出卸压瓦斯运移与覆岩纵向破断裂隙及横向离层裂隙之间的动态演化关系，根据此模型可以明确采动裂隙椭抛带中的瓦斯运储机理，为抽采卸压瓦斯技术提供一定理论基础。

研究揭示的大采高综采覆岩卸压瓦斯运储机理，在山西某典型高瓦斯矿井工作面瓦斯灾害治理工作中得到了较好的验证和应用，工作面瓦斯实施走向高位巷与长钻孔协同抽采卸压瓦斯措施后，达到了较好的卸压瓦斯抽采效果，保障了工作面的安全回采，为类似地质条件下矿井瓦斯治理提供科学依据。

Mine gas is not only a valuable resource, but also a serious threat to coal mine safety production. Under the background of the improvement of coal mine machinery and automation, the mining depth of coal mine is deepened, the mining intensity is strengthened, so that the emission of gas is increasing. Fully mechanized mining with large mining height is characterized by large mining height and large development range of overburden fractures, which greatly enhances the pressure relief gas migration and storage capacity of goaf, and also increases the gas prevention and control pressure of working face. Therefore, a three-dimensional large-scale physical similarity simulation experimental system for gas transportation and storage is developed in this paper. Starting with the movement and failure law of coal seam mining overburden and the characteristics of mining overburden fractures, the development and distribution characteristics of mining overburden fractures are studied by using the methods of theoretical analysis, experimental research, numerical simulation and field practice, and the mathematical model of overburden fracture gas transportation and storage channel is established; On this basis, the law of pressure relief gas transportation and storage under the condition of large mining height fully mechanized mining is studied, and the mechanism of pressure relief gas transportation and storage in large mining height fully mechanized mining is revealed. The main contents and achievements of this paper are as follows:

(1) The similarity criterion of gas transportation and storage is established based on elasticity and fluid mechanics. Based on the similarity criterion, a new physical similarity simulation laboratory material with paraffin and cement as cement is successfully developed. The material is highly consistent with the prototype in elasticity and seepage mechanics, meets the requirements of gas-solid two-phase physical similarity materials, and plays a good role in promoting the study of gas transportation and storage law by means of physical similarity simulation.

(2) Using the method of system construction, a three-dimensional large-scale physical similarity simulation experimental system for gas transportation and storage is independently designed and developed. The system consists of seven sub units: box and base, automatic hydraulic mining, flexible loading, automatic ventilation, gas emission and gas drainage, and comprehensive data acquisition and control. According to the similarity ratio of 1:100, the maximum mining depth of 2105m, mining height of 0 ~ 12m and advance distance of 200m can be simulated; The ventilation unit can simulate various ventilation modes such as U-type, U + L-type and Y-type, and realize ventilation with different air volume; The extraction unit can simulate many kinds of three-dimensional extraction methods, such as high-level roadway, high-level drilling, ground extraction and so on; The gas emission unit adopts the independent injection mode to realize the gas emission of different gas emission quantities and different positions. The experimental system can simulate the functions of coal seam mining, mine ventilation, gas emission and gas drainage, and realize the integrated and synchronous research on scientific problems such as overburden fracture evolution, mine pressure distribution, pressure relief gas migration and gas drainage in the process of coal seam mining, so as to provide experimental platform support for this research.

(3) Based on the geological conditions of a typical fully mechanized mining face with large mining height in Shanxi, the dynamic distribution characteristics of microseismic events and the variation characteristics of microseismic parameters in overburden space during mining are obtained through large-scale three-dimensional physical similarity simulation experiments. Using the method of model cutting, the distribution of three zones of overburden fractures in fully mechanized mining with large mining height is obtained, the relationship between overburden fracture and subsidence, as well as the characteristics of subsidence, fracture density and fracture penetration of each overburden are studied, and the distribution characteristics of dominant channels for gas transportation and storage are obtained.

(4) By means of three-dimensional large-scale physical similarity simulation experiment, the law of gas transportation and storage in three-dimensional fracture network space of fully mechanized goaf with large mining height under U-shaped ventilation is obtained. In the three-dimensional space, the gas concentration distribution along the working face from the inlet side to the return side shows an increasing trend; The gas concentration increases gradually in the depth direction of the goaf until the gas concentration in the deep goaf is stable and maintained at a high level. Due to the influence of the porosity change of the mining overburden in the goaf and the characteristics of gas rise, float and diffusion, there are obvious stratification characteristics in the height direction of the goaf. The gas concentration at the top of the fracture zone is 66-68%. The gas rises, floats, diffuses and seeps in the mining fracture, and finally enriches at the top of the fracture zone.

(5) Using the methods of physical similarity simulation and numerical simulation, the distribution and migration law of gas concentration in mining overburden fractures under the influence of different air volume levels and different ventilation methods are studied, and the influence degree of gas by various factors in the direction of working face, goaf depth and height is obtained.

(6) According to the fracture time sequence of overburden mining fracture evolution process and goaf filling characteristics of large mining height fully mechanized coal seam, the migration characteristics of pressure relief gas in mining fractures in active area, transition area and compaction area are given; The formation of gas transportation and storage channel and the distribution characteristics of void ratio in goaf are analyzed, and the distribution equation of void ratio in goaf is established; The comprehensive control model of pressure relief gas seepage, rising and floating diffusion in the mining fracture ellipsoidal zone is established, and the dynamic evolution relationship between the pressure relief gas migration and the longitudinal fracture fracture and transverse separation fracture of overburden is obtained. According to this model, the gas transportation and storage mechanism in the mining fracture ellipsoidal zone can be clarified, which provides a certain theoretical basis for pressure relief gas drainage technology.

The mechanism of pressure relief gas transportation and storage in overburden of large mining height fully mechanized mining revealed in the study has been well verified and applied in the gas disaster control of a typical high gas mine face in Shanxi. After the implementation of the pressure relief gas drainage measures of strike high roadway and long borehole, the better pressure relief gas drainage effect is achieved, the safe mining of the working face is guaranteed, and the scientific basis for mine gas control under similar geological conditions is provided.

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