本研究以天山地区典型裂隙岩质边坡为研究对象，通过“现场调查-材料研发-模型试验-数值分析”多尺度研究方法，系统分析冻融循环作用下裂隙岩质边坡的损伤机制与失稳规律，主要研究成果如下。
（1）基于工程背景与现场调查，建立了天山地区裂隙岩质边坡冻融破坏模式分类体系，明确了滑移式破坏的发育特征及其内因与外因的耦合致灾机制；使用单一变量控制法，通过控制骨胶比进行材料物理力学参数对比实验，分析各原料对相似材料物理力学性质的影响，确定新型相似模型材料最优配比。
（2）在相似理论的基础上搭建了几何缩尺比例为1:40的边坡物理模型。在不同冻融循环次数进程中，对边坡模型裂隙内部温度、冻胀力、坡体整体位移以及局部应变进行全面监测。通过对监测数据的深度剖析，揭示多次冻融循环作用下，岩质边坡温度场的演变规律、冻胀力的变化规律、模型边坡的变形规律，以及这些规律与边坡失稳之间的内在关联。通过冻融循环试验发现：冻融损伤存在临界阈值效应，可大致分为初始裂隙扩展阶段、裂隙贯通阶段、滑体失稳破坏阶段三个阶段。
（3）借助有限元软件建立了热-水-力三场耦合数值模型，推导温度场、水分场、应力场控制方程，并求解等效热膨胀系数，复现了冻融循环作用下岩质边坡裂隙内部温度场、水分场、应力场的各参数微观量化结果。仿真结果表明：数值模拟与模型试验演化规律大体一致，水冰相变膨胀与冰塞效应是冻胀力产生的主要原因，研究结果为“裂隙扩展-裂隙贯通-边坡失稳”的灾变链式过程提供研究依据。
本研究运用室内试验、模型试验与数值模拟相结合的方式，针对裂隙岩质边坡在冻融循环影响下的损伤特性及变形破坏模式展开深入探究。所得研究成果致力于为后续剖析裂隙岩质边坡因冻融损伤而引发灾害的机制提供支撑。

Taking typical fissured rocky slopes in Tien Shan area as the research object, this study systematically reveals the damage evolution mechanism and destabilization law of fissured rocky slopes under freeze-thaw cycle through the multiscale research method of “field investigation-material research and development-model test-numerical analysis”, and the main research results are as follows.
(1) Based on the engineering background and field investigation, a classification system of freeze-thaw damage patterns of fissured rocky slopes in Tien Shan region was established, and the developmental characteristics of slip damage and its coupling mechanism of internal and external causes were clarified; the single-variable control method was used to conduct a comparative experiment of the physical and mechanical parameters of materials by controlling the ratio of bone and rubber, to analyze the influence of each raw material on the physical and mechanical properties of the similar materials, and to determine the optimal ratio.
(2) A slope physical model with a geometric scaling of 1:40 was constructed on the basis of the similarity theory. In the process of different freezing and thawing cycles, the internal temperature, freezing and expansion force, overall displacement of the slope body and local strain of the slope model fissure were comprehensively monitored. Through the in-depth analysis of the monitoring data, the evolution of the temperature field of the rocky slope, the change rule of the freezing expansion force, the deformation law of the modeled slope, as well as the intrinsic correlation between these laws and slope destabilization were revealed under the action of multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Through the freeze-thaw cycle test, it is found that there is a critical threshold effect of freeze-thaw damage, which can be roughly divided into three stages: the initial fissure expansion stage, the fissure penetration stage, and the destabilization and damage stage of the slide.

(3) With the help of finite element software, a coupled numerical model of heat-water-force field was established, the controlling equations of temperature field, water field and stress field were derived, and the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient was solved, so as to reproduce the quantitative results of the parameters of the temperature field, water field and stress field inside the fissure of the rocky slope under the action of freezing and thawing cycle. The simulation results show that the numerical simulation and the model test are generally consistent with each other, and the water-ice phase expansion and ice plug effect are the main reasons for the freezing and expansion force, which provides a research basis for the disaster chain process of “fissure expansion - fissure penetration - slope instability”.
In this study, the damage characteristics and deformation damage modes of fissured rocky slopes under the influence of freeze-thaw cycles are investigated in depth by combining indoor experiments, modeling experiments and numerical simulations. The results of this study are intended to provide theoretical support for the subsequent analysis of the mechanism of disaster caused by freeze-thaw damage on fissured rocky slopes.

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