凤县作为陕西省重要的金属矿产资源生产基地，矿产开发对当地经济做出了巨大贡献，但同时也带来了相应的环境污染问题。其中因重金属造成的污染事件时有发生，已威胁到当地居民的健康，并日益受到人们的广泛关注。因此，对凤县矿山重金属的污染问题进行专题研究，以科学指导有关部门采取有效的防控措施已迫在眉睫。 论文以凤县银洞梁铅锌矿区为重点研究范围，通过系统采集水体、沉积物、土壤、植被及采矿废石样品，室内借助原子吸收分光光度计等设备进行重金属全量测定，并对沉积物和土壤样品进行重金属形态含量测定。在系统测试基础上，分别采取密切值、地积累指数、单因子指数、内梅罗综合指数等方法对重金属污染分别进行了评价，并采用模糊综合评判法实现了矿区重金属污染的综合评价。论文最后对矿区重金属的释放、迁移和转化规律进行了探讨，初步建立了矿区重金属元素的释放迁移模式。 研究结果显示：矿区水、土、植被等大部分已受到重金属污染。其中地表水、沉积物整体污染较重。土壤中5种重金属的单因子污染指数与密切值之间表现出不同程度的正相关关系。Zn单因子污染程度与综合污染状况具有很好的一致性，能够表征综合污染状况。土壤中重金属活性态含量较高，对周围环境直接威胁大，同时显示外源重金属注入的特征。污染土壤上生长的小麦、玉米等重金属污染超标，不能食用。矿区重金属污染的模糊综合评价结果属中度污染，矿区环境亟待恢复与治理。

Fengxian is production base of mineral resources in Shanxi. Mineral exploitation has contributed greatly to the local economy. But it also brings about serious environmental pollution. Pollution problem because of heavy metal occurres frequently which is very harmful.and increasingly fierce.It has aroused widespread attention of the society. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to study the heavy metal pollution of mine for relevant department to take preventive steps. This paper takes Yindongliang lead-zinc mine area as the main research scope.Through systematically gathering samples of slag, tailings, soil, surface water, sediment and plant tissue, by means of analytical facilities such as graphite oven atom absorption spectrophotometer, each kind of sample element content such as Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu has been obtained.The author has systematically analyzed concentration, migration and transformation rules of heavy metal ingredient in slag, tailings, soil, surface water, sediment and plant tissue applying the Mathematical Methods. And The releasing and transport models of AMD and heavy metals have been established. From the evaluation results, various types of samples are polluted on different levels by heavy metals, which is heavier pollution in water body and settlings. The research result indicates direct correlations of different levels between the single pollution index and osculating value of 5 heavy metals.Zn is the most outstanding one which can embody condition of comprehensive pollution.High active state of heavy metals content indicates the incursion form outside source in soil,which pose serious environmental threats. Analysis results of the local grains are not edible. After the fuzzy synthesized evaluation, the result show that heavy metal in research area is moderate pollution which should be solved urgently.