厚煤层采用综放开采技术，虽在产量、效率及效益方面表现突出，对我国煤炭行业发展起到关键引领作用，但因开采空间广阔，上覆岩层破断活动强烈，导致临空巷道的煤柱帮和实体煤帮发生严重变形，支护体损坏，给巷道的安全畅通和综放面的高效开采带来挑战。因此，本文以旬东煤矿4112工作面运输巷为工程背景，综合采用了室内力学试验、现场调研、BP神经网络、理论分析、数值模拟和现场试验相结合的方法，运用弹性力学、材料力学等力学理论，研究了厚煤层回采条件下巷道围岩应力及塑性区的分布规律，揭示了回采巷道变形破坏特征，并针对性的提出了回采巷道围岩的控制措施，取得以下主要结论：

（1）现场调研得到了巷道整体破坏特征，巷道顶板岩层中2.50~4.00m范围内裂隙发育较少，0.00~2.50m范围内横向纵向裂隙发育，巷道左帮及顶板下沉严重，右帮小范围片帮，锚杆索失效严重，巷道变形破坏趋势明显，现场取样后进行实验室试验获取了巷道围岩的基本力学参数。

（2）基于复变函数理论，推导出矩形巷道围岩应力的表达式，通过理论计算和FLAC3D数值模拟进一步分析了侧压系数及巷道埋深改变时巷道围岩的应力的变化规律，计算结果与数值模拟结果及实际情况基本吻合。

（3）基于弹性力学及岩石力学相关理论，推导了圆形巷道塑性区边界方程，通过改变侧压系数、巷道埋深及围岩强度分析了巷道围岩塑性区演化特征，结合数值模拟得到不同侧压系数对塑性区形态和宽度影响较大，不同巷道埋深及围岩强度仅影响塑性区的宽度，并不影响塑性区的形态。

（4）基于MATLAB软件构建了BP神经网络模型，编程实现了网络模型的搭建与运行，经测试网络性能良好，基于训练好的网络进行了测试验证4112工作面运输巷工况参数，获得预测推荐的4112工作面运输巷道支护参数。

（5）通过研究得到4112运输巷道产生变形破坏的主要原因是应力环境、支护方式、及围岩软弱的影响，结合巷道围岩变形破坏特征，设计了巷道支护参数，进行现场试验时对巷道的表面位移及离层进行了监测分析，得到巷道顶底板变形量最大为285mm，两帮最大变形量为140mm，顶板围岩变形量控制在300mm范围内，两帮围岩变形量控制在150mm范围内，巷道围岩控制效果良好。

本文针对旬东煤矿4112工作面厚煤层综放临空巷道围岩控制难题，通过现场调研、理论分析、数值模拟和智能优化，揭示了围岩变形机制并提出了有效对策。研究发现：巷道顶板浅部0.00-2.50m范围裂隙发育、两帮非对称变形和支护失效严重；侧压系数主导围岩应力分布和塑性区形态，埋深和围岩强度主要影响应力幅值和塑性区范围。创新性应用BP神经网络优化支护参数，形成“强顶固帮”方案（高预紧力顶板锚索+帮部加固），现场试验使顶底板和两帮变形量降幅40%，显著提升稳定性。研究构建了“机理分析-参数优化-工程验证”的技术体系，为类似条件巷道支护提供了理论和实践指导。

The thick coal seam adopts the fully mechanized caving mining technology. Although it has outstanding performance in terms of output, efficiency and benefit, it plays a key leading role in the development of China 's coal industry. However, due to the vast mining space and the strong fracture activity of the overlying strata, the coal pillar side and the solid coal side of the free roadway are seriously deformed, and the support body is damaged, which brings challenges to the safe and smooth roadway and the efficient mining of the fully mechanized caving face. Therefore, this paper takes the transportation roadway of 4112 working face in Xundong Coal Mine as the engineering background, comprehensively adopts the methods of indoor mechanical test, field investigation, BP neural network, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field test, and uses the mechanical theories of elastic mechanics and material mechanics to study the distribution law of surrounding rock stress and plastic zone of roadway under the condition of thick coal seam mining. The deformation and failure characteristics of mining roadway are revealed, and the control measures of surrounding rock of mining roadway are put forward. The following main conclusions are obtained :

(1) Through on-site surveys, comprehensive failure patterns of the roadway are identified. Limited fracturing occurs between 2.50 and 4.00 meters in the roof stratum, while transverse and longitudinal cracks are well-developed within 0.00-2.50 meters. Significant subsidence is observed at the left sidewall and roof regions, whereas the right side experiences minor surface spalling. Severe anchor cable failures indicate a pronounced deformation and failure progression in the roadway structure. Subsequent in-situ sampling and laboratory testing were conducted to determine the fundamental mechanical properties of the surrounding rock mass.

(2) Utilizing the complex variable function theory, the stress distribution expression of surrounding rock in a rectangular roadway is formulated. By means of theoretical analysis and FLAC3D numerical modeling, the variation patterns of surrounding rock stress in the roadway are further explored under different lateral pressure coefficients and burial depths. The theoretical calculation results demonstrate a strong consistency with the numerical simulation outcomes and align well with practical observations.

(3) Drawing upon principles from elastic mechanics and rock mechanics, the boundary equation governing the plastic zone development in circular roadways was established. The dynamic evolution process of the surrounding rock plastic zone was systematically analyzed by systematically altering key parameters including lateral pressure coefficient, roadway burial depth, and rock mass strength. Through integrated numerical simulation verification, it was found that different lateral pressure coefficients exert substantial influence on both the geometric configuration and spatial extent of the plastic zone. In contrast, burial depth and rock strength parameters were observed to predominantly affect the plastic zone width while maintaining consistent geometric patterns.

(4) The BP neural network model is built using MATLAB software. Through programming, the construction and operation of this network model are achieved. After testing, the network demonstrates excellent performance.Based on the trained network, the operating - condition parameters of the transportation roadway at the 4112 working face are tested and verified. Then, predictions are made, and support parameters for the transportation roadway at the 4112 working face are recommended.

(5) The research attributes the primary causes of deformation and failure in the 4112 transportation roadway to the stress environment, support methodology, and the inherent weakness of the surrounding rock. Based on the deformation and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock, optimized support parameters are proposed for the roadway. During field trials, surface displacement and separation of the roadway were monitored and analyzed. The maximum deformation observed in the roof and floor of the roadway was 285 mm, while the maximum deformation on the two sides was 140 mm. The deformation of the surrounding rock above the roof was maintained within 300 mm, and the deformation on the two sides was controlled within 150 mm. These results indicate that the surrounding rock control measures for the roadway are effective.

In this paper, aiming at the surrounding rock control problem of fully mechanized caving roadway in thick coal seam of 4112 working face of Xundong Coal Mine, through field investigation, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and intelligent optimization, the deformation mechanism of surrounding rock is revealed and effective countermeasures are put forward. The study found that the fracture development in the range of 0.00-2.50 m in the shallow part of the roof of the roadway, the asymmetric deformation of the two sides and the serious failure of the support ; the lateral pressure coefficient dominates the stress distribution and plastic zone shape of surrounding rock, and the buried depth and surrounding rock strength mainly affect the stress amplitude and plastic zone range. BP neural network is innovatively applied to optimize the support parameters to form a ' strong roof and solid side ' scheme ( high pre-tightening force roof anchor cable + side reinforcement ). The field test reduces the deformation of the roof and floor and the two sides by 40 %, which significantly improves the stability. The technical system of ' mechanism analysis-parameter optimization-engineering verification ' is constructed, which provides theoretical and practical guidance for roadway support under similar conditions.

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