地面沉降是我国平原地区最常见也是最主要的地质灾害之一。地面沉降问题给经济社会的发展和人民群众的生活带来了极大的损失和危害，同时，也严重影响了我国生态环境的可持续发展。我国华东地区普遍分布有较厚的松散层，由于地下水位的下降造成大量井筒井壁的破裂，给煤矿带来巨大的经济损失和安全隐患。研究表明，地下水位下降引起土体有效应力增加，致使地层产生固结沉降，地层沉降引起了井壁的破裂、破坏。 因此，对松散层的变形监测和补充含水层失水是解决问题的有力措施。本论文研究基于光纤光栅技术的地层沉降监测技术，并结合注水工程，分析了注水对地层变形的影响。 论文分析了松散层失水沉降的机理，对松散层失水后不同岩性的地层沉降量进行了研究；分析了钻孔植入式光纤光栅地层沉降监测技术的应变传递问题，即该系统的应变传递包括光纤纤芯与封装材料的应变传递和光纤光栅传感器与封孔材料的应变传递，推导了应变传递的计算公式；进一步分析了地层失水沉降的水位降模型和应变量计算模型。将砂土层和粘土层失水后的压缩变形分开计算，使地层的压缩变形的计算更加完善。 为了预防东滩煤矿西风井的地层沉降破坏井筒，对西风井附近松散层进行了长期的注水。注水采用一种新的注水方式，即第四系上组向第四系中组注水。 根据光纤光栅地层沉降监测系统获得了西风井附近地层的应变变化规律，并根据应变量计算模型得到了地层的沉降变形量。根据水文监测系统获得了新注水方式下的注水量及水位变化情况，并将水位与地层应变进行了对比分析。分析发现，光纤光栅地层沉降监测系统能够有效监测到地层的变形情况，对水位变化反应灵敏，获得了不同岩性的地层应变与水位变化之间的数学关系。 光纤光栅地层沉降监测系统和新的注水治理方式在东滩煤矿第四系地层的压缩变形治理中起到了积极有效的作用，该方法可以在华东地区推广应用。

Ground subsidence is one of the most common and main geological hazards in our country. It has caused great losses and damages in the development of economic society and public life; At the same time, land subsidence has a strong impact on the sustainable development of our country’s ecological environment. The thick unconsolidated strata is generally located in East China,because of the groundwater recession, many mine shafts are damaged. It has taken huge economic losses and safety risks to coal mines. Studies have shown that roundwater recession will increase the effective stress of soil mass, then consolidation settlement will be occurred in mainly in stratum, which will cause shafts’ damage. Deformation monitoring and replenishing water to unconsolidated layers are effective measures. This research will study the monitoring technology of stratum settlement based on FBG sensing technique.Additionally, it will combine water injection project to analysis the influence of water injection to unconsolidated strata’s deformation. The analyses is performed on the settlement mechanism of unconsolidated strata and studies subsidence of different lithology of strata after the unconsolidated strata lossing water; At the same time analyses the strain transfer of the embedded FBG strata subsidence monitoring technology. Studies have shown that the strain transfer consists of transmission of the strain optical fiber core between packaging materials and fiber Bragg grating sensor between hole sealing materials, the formula of strain transfer was deduced by this dissertation. What’s more, The dissertation has further analysis of water level drop model and dependent variable model.It calculates the compression deformation of sand and clay layer separately,which makes calculation more accurate. In order to prevent the damage of west wind shaft in DongTan coal mine, long-term water injection to unconsolidated layers near west wind shaft is done. It uses a new way of water injection that putting water from upper Quaternary to middle Quaternary. Based on fiber Bragg grating strata subsidence monitoring system we get deformation rules of unconsolidated layers near west wind shaft, and obtain the subsidence deformation though dependent variable model.Though hydrological monitoring system we get the changes of water injection and water level and cvomparethe water level with strain of layers. The analysis shows that Fiber Bragg grating strata subsidence monitoring system can effectively detect the deflection of the unconsolidated strata, it is sensitive to the water level change.Analysis obtains the mathematical formula of layer strain between water level change. The monitoring system of strata subsidence by Fiber Bragg grating and the new water injection style have played a positive and effective role in the administration of compression deformation of quaternary strata in Dongtan coal mine, and this method can be applied in the Eastern China.