短壁巷式煤基固废充填开采方法具有提高煤炭资源采出率、削减固体废弃物排放、保障安全高效开采以及有效保护地表生态环境等显著优点。本文在阐述短壁巷式煤基固废充填采煤技术原理与特征的基础上，综合采用室内试验、力学分析与数值计算等手段，开展短壁巷式煤基固废充填开采覆岩控制方法的研究，以便该方法在工程现场的成功应用。论文主要取得以下主要成果：

通过了解矿山固废材料物理及化学特性，研发了以不同粒径矸石、粉煤灰及普通硅酸盐水泥等为原料的煤基固废胶结充填材料；采用坍落度试验研究了配比对材料流动性能的影响规律，并基于单轴压缩试验得到了龄期及变量因素影响下的充填材料强度演化特征；同时根据声发射监测数据揭示了充填材料声发射特征，借助扫描电镜测试分析了微观尺度响应特性。

基于短壁巷式煤基固废充填开采特点和采场覆岩运移变形特征，建立了短壁巷式充填开采判断基本顶岩梁破断变形的力学模型，推导出了基本顶岩梁的挠度方程和弯矩方程，揭示了短壁巷式充填采场基本顶岩梁运移变形破断演化特征。

针对影响覆岩运移变形的主控因素开展数值计算试验，在验证数值模型具有一定可靠性的基础上，揭示了主控因素影响下短壁巷式胶结充填采煤采场围岩应力迁移规律及地表移动变形特征，为确定短壁巷式充填工作面的关键参数提供了理论依据。

根据理论研究成果及设计矿井地质条件，设计了短壁巷式煤基固废充填开采方法下的工作面适配生产系统，建立了地表移动变形及工作面围岩稳定性监测反馈体系，结合现场对地表和承载体监测验证应用效果，有效避免了地表发生移动变形破坏且充分保障了工作面作业安全。

本研究为西部矿区煤矿进行短壁巷式充填开采提供参考借鉴。

The short-wall roadway coal-based solid waste filling and mining method has significant advantages such as improving the coal extraction rate, reducing solid waste emissions, ensuring safe and efficient mining, and effectively protecting the surface ecological environment. Based on the principle and characteristics of the short-wall roadway coal-based solid waste filling and mining technology, this thesis comprehensively uses indoor experiments, mechanical analysis, and numerical calculations to study the overburden control method of the short-wall roadway coal-based solid waste filling and mining, in order to achieve successful application of this method in engineering sites. The main achievements of this paper are as follows:

By understanding the physical and chemical properties of mining solid waste materials, a coal-based solid waste consolidation filling material was developed using different particle sizes of gangue, fly ash, and ordinary Portland cement as raw materials. The influence of the ratio on the flow performance of the material was studied through slump tests, and the strength evolution characteristics of the filling material under age and variable factors were obtained based on uniaxial compression tests. At the same time, the acoustic emission characteristics of the filling material were revealed based on acoustic emission monitoring data, and the microscopic response characteristics were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy.

Based on the characteristics of short-wall roadway coal-based solid waste filling and mining and the deformation characteristics of overlying rock in the mining field, a mechanical model was established to determine the basic top beam fracture deformation of the short-wall roadway filling and mining. The deflection equation and moment equation of the basic top beam were derived, revealing the evolution characteristics of the deformation and fracture of the basic top beam in the short-wall roadway filling and mining field.

Numerical calculation experiments were conducted to investigate the main control factors affecting overlying rock deformation. Based on the verification of the reliability of the numerical model, the stress migration rules of the surrounding rock in the short-wall roadway consolidated filling mining field and the surface movement deformation characteristics under the influence of the main control factors were revealed, providing a theoretical basis for determining the key parameters of the short-wall roadway filling work face.

According to the theoretical research results and the design of the mine geological conditions, a production system suitable for the working face under the short-wall roadway coal-based solid waste filling and mining method was designed, and a surface movement deformation and working face surrounding rock stability monitoring feedback system was established. Combining the on-site monitoring of surface and bearing body, the application effect was effectively verified, and the occurrence of surface movement deformation damage was avoided while ensuring the safety of the working face operation.

This research provides reference and guidance for the short-wall roadway filling and mining in coal mines in western mining areas.