光伏组件表面积灰与湿度的相互作用会促使组件电位诱导衰减(Potential Induced Degradation, PID)效应的出现，进而影响其发电效率。因此，本文以光伏组件表面积灰 和湿度耦合对光伏组件PID效应的影响为对象开展研究。

首先，分析了目前国内外关于积灰量和湿度对光伏组件输出性能和光伏组件 PID 特性的研究现状，结果表明现有的研究主要集中在积灰量和湿度单独对组件 PID 效应 的影响，而积灰和湿度耦合对组件 PID 效应的影响研究还不够全面。因此，本文对积 灰和湿度耦合对光伏组件泄漏电流和功率衰减的影响进行分析。根据影响因素选用 Peck 方程，并以此为基础进行改进，建立了与积灰质量密度和湿度相关的泄漏电流模 型(DPECK)和功率衰减模型，以描述积灰量和湿度与组件性能之间的关系。

其次，为了提高 DPECK 模型的求解精度，应用了斑马算法(Zebra Optimization Algorithm, ZOA)对模型参数进行快速求解。通过对比常用优化算法与斑马算法的特点， 针对斑马算法种群初始化时个体聚集现象和易陷入局部最优的缺陷，引入了 Tent 混沌 映射和高斯变异算子对 ZOA 算法进行改进，得到了改进斑马算法(Improvement Zebra Optimization Algorithm IZOA)。同时采用 GWO、PSO和传统的ZOA同改进的IZOA算 法进行函数寻优对比测试，验证了改进算法在收敛速度、精度和全局搜索能力等方面 的优越性。

最后，搭建试验平台，采集积灰与湿度影响下光伏组件发生 PID 效应的实验数据。 将实验采集到的数据带入求解模型中，通过模型求解结果进行比较，结果表明采用 IZOA-DPECK泄漏电流模型求解具有更高的准确性。IZOA算法优化模型相比于PSO、 GWO和 ZOA算法优化模型的关键误差指标MAPE值，分别降低了0.4281、0.3343、 0.0522。根据实测数据和拟合数据，验证积灰和湿度与功率衰减之间的关系、积灰和湿 度对组件 PID 效应的影响。得出灰尘积累和湿度增加会使光伏组件的泄漏电流呈线性 增大，导致组件发生PID速率也急剧增大。

The interaction between ash accumulation and humidity on the PV module surface will promote the Potential induced degradation (PID) effect of the PV module, and then affect its power generation efficiency. Therefore, the effect of ash accumulation and humidity coupling on PID effect of PV module is studied in this paper.

Firstly, the current research status of ash deposit and humidity on the output performance of photovoltaic modules and the PID characteristics of photovoltaic modules at home and abroad is analyzed, and the results show that the existing research mainly focuses on the influence of ash deposit and humidity on the PID effect of modules alone, while the influence of the coupling of ash and humidity on the PID effect of modules is not comprehensive enough. Therefore, this paper analyzes the effects of the coupling of ash and humidity on the leakage current and power attenuation of photovoltaic modules. According to the influencing factors, the Peck equation was selected and improved on this basis, and the leakage current model (DPECK) and power attenuation model related to ash mass density and humidity were established to describe the relationship between ash accumulation and humidity and module performance.

Secondly, in order to improve the solving accuracy of DPECK model, Zebra Optimization Algorithm (ZOA) was applied to solve the model parameters quickly. By comparing the characteristics of common optimization algorithms and zebra algorithm, aiming at the defects of Zebra algorithm's individual aggregation phenomenon and easy to fall into local optimal during population initialization, Tent chaotic mapping and Gaussian mutation operator are introduced to improve ZOA algorithm. The Improved Zebra Optimization Algorithm (IZOA) was obtained. At the same time, Grey Wolf algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm, traditional ZOA and improved IZOA algorithm are used to perform function optimization comparison tests, and the advantages of the improved algorithm in convergence speed, precision and global search ability are verified.

Finally, a test platform was set up to collect the experimental data of PID effect of PV modules under the influence of ash accumulation and humidity. The data collected in theexperiment is brought into the solution model, and the model solution results are compared. The results show that the IZOA-DPECK leakage current model has higher accuracy. Compared with PSO, GWO and ZOA, the key error index MAPE value of IZOA algorithm optimization model decreased by 0.4281, 0.3343 and 0.0522, respectively. According to the measured data and fitting data, the relationship between ash accumulation, humidity and power attenuation, the influence of ash accumulation and humidity on PID effect of components were verified. The results show that the accumulation of dust and the increase of humidity will make the leakage current of PV module linearly increase, and the PID rate of PV module will also increase sharply.

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