近年来，随着能源短缺、环境污染影响的加剧，太阳能作为可再生能源具有清洁性、安全性、资源充足性等优点，日益受到广泛关注。可是在太阳能的光电转换应用中转换效率低始终是人类全面利用太阳能的一大障碍，为了更大限度的利用太阳能资源，提高利用效率，最大功率点跟踪的研究对太阳能供电系统来说意义重大。 本文首先对太阳能电池的原理进行阐述，根据太阳能电池的理论模型和数学模型应用MATLAB/SIMULINK工具对太阳能电池进行建模和仿真，通过仿真结果对标准参数条件下太阳能电池的伏安特性和伏瓦特性进行分析，同时对不同光照强度和不同温度条件下的输出特性进行比较。 其次对太阳能最大功率点跟踪（MPPT-Maximum Power Point Tracking）技术进行研究，介绍最大功率点跟踪的控制原理，通过对几种常用的最大功率点跟踪方法的优缺点和应用领域进行比较，采用其中的扰动观察法进行仿真，并进行结果分析和数据归纳，通过对数据的进一步提取和研究，提出一种基于模糊控制的最大功率点跟踪算法。对基于模糊控制的变步长扰动观察法进行仿真，仿真结果表明该算法能够稳定在最大功率点，避免了定步长扰动观察法在最大功率点处的震荡，在环境参数突变的情况下，能够快速寻找到新的最大功率点，具有良好的跟踪效果。 最后，设计了独立太阳能供电系统，该系统以C8051F040为核心，由数据采集模块、人机交互模块和充放电模块构成。其中，通过充放电模块对蓄电池进行充放电控制；数据采集模块采集系统各个部分的重要数据用来作为控制依据，同时采集环境中的温湿度和光照强度数据可以为系统进一步的分析做准备；人机交互模块通过液晶显示数据采集模块的各种数据。

In recent years, with intensify of energy shortage and environmental pollution, due to solar energy clean, security and resource adequacy and so on, it is increasingly becoming the public concern, but the solar energy conversion efficiency in the application of photovoltaic conversion becomes a major obstacle. In order to use solar energy resource for a greater extent and improve its efficiency, it is very important to research maximum power point tracking for solar power system. This paper firstly introduce the principle of solar cell, according to the theoretical model and mathematical model, the solar cell is modeled and simulated by MATLAB/SIMULINK tool, under the condition of standard parameters the V-I characteristics and V-P characteristics are analyzed through the simulation results, at the same time, under different light intensity and different temperature condition the output characteristics are compared. Secondly, maximum power point tracking（MPPT）technology is studied, the MPPT control principle is introduced. This paper adopts the perturbation and observation（P&O）to simulate after some common methods are compared in the diverse aspects, like application area、advantages and disadvantages. The results are analyzed and summarized. Based on fuzzy control MPPT algorithm was proposed by the data further extraction and research. The variable step length P&O is simulated, the simulation results show that, the maximum power point can be stabilized and avoid maximum power point shock in the fixed P&O. It is able to find a new maximum power point quickly when the environmental parameters change and the result demonstrate excellent tracking performance. Finally，the independent solar power system platform are designed with C8051F040 as the core. It is composed of data acquisition module, man-machine interactive module and charging and discharging module. Among them, battery charging and discharging state is controlled by the charging and discharging module; in the data acquisition module, important data in parts are acquired as control basis, like the temperature、humidity and light intensity are collected to prepare the further analysis; All kinds of data in the system are displayed by the LCD in the man-machine interactive module.