神府煤的惰质组含量高，严重影响了煤的洁净化转化及加工利用。论文旨在研究神府煤煤岩组分的特性及赋存规律，通过浮选法分离出纯度高的煤岩组分，提高神府煤的利用价值。 本文分离出了神府镜煤和丝炭，并对其性质进行了深入研究，发现它们在镜下的特征、孔结构、表面官能团、密度、可磨性、Zeta电位、接触角、芳香核结构等方面存在较大差异，为后续浮选法分离煤岩组分奠定了理论基础。 进一步研究了不同磨矿方式下神府煤煤岩组分的赋存规律。结果表明：经冲击式粉碎机粉碎后，煤岩组分较圆盘粉碎机和球磨机更加充分的解离，产品中惰质组含量更高。当粒度大于0.25mm时，25-13mm粒度级镜质组含量最高，为76.7%，13-6mm，6-3mm粒度级惰质组最高在60%左右。粒度小于0.25mm时，惰质组含量随粒级减小而增加，镜质组含量随粒级减小而减少。 本文分析了神府煤煤岩组分浮选分离单因素和正交实验，考察了不同捕收剂、表面活性剂及调整剂对浮选效果的影响，得出最佳工艺条件：十六烷基三甲基溴化铵0.15g/L、油酸0.15 mL/L，矿浆浓度为50g/L、转速1900r/min、进泡量为130L/h时，综合效率为96.21%，此时浮选产率73.22%，浮物中镜质组含量86.5%，此时浮物中镜质组含量比原煤中提高了16.5%。 神府煤的浮选动力学研究表明：0~60s，浮选速率比较大，并且浮物中镜质组含量较高。60s之后浮选速率趋于稳定，浮物中镜质组含量降低，惰质组含量增加，到180s整个浮选过程基本结束。加入十六烷基三甲基溴化铵，神府煤浮选过程更好地符合一级动力学方程。加入十二烷基二甲基氧化铵、捕收剂油酸和氯化铝，神府煤浮选过程更好地符合二级动力学方程。 浮选药剂主要以物理吸附的形式吸附在镜煤和丝炭上，调整适宜的添加量，镜煤表面带正电位，而丝炭表面带负电位，用阴离子型捕收剂油酸能很好的分离出镜质组和惰质组。

High content of inertinite in Shenfu coal seriously affects clean transformation and processing and utilization. This paper aims to study the feature and occurrence regularity of Shenfu maceral, and separates inertinite and vitrinite by flotation. Then we can improve the utilization value of Shenfu coal. Shenfu maceralsThe feature of vitrain and fusite, which were separated by hands, were studied deeply in this paper. The results show that they have many differences in histological features, pore structure, surface functional groups, density, grindability, Zeta, contact angle and aromatic nuclear structure, which provides a theoretical foundation for subsequent separation of macerals. This paper also study occurrence regularity of Shenfu maceral under different grinding methods. The results show that content of inertinite in the product is higher after smashed by impact mill than disc mill and ball mill. In other words, dissociation of macerals is more sufficient after smashed by impact mill. When the particle size is greater than 0.25 mm, content of vitrinite is 76.7%, which is the highest in 25-13mm particle size fraction. content of inertinite is about 60% in 13-6mm and 6-3mm particle size fraction. When the particle size is less than 0.25 mm, content of inertinite is increase with the decrease of the size, but the change of content of vitrinite is adverse. In this paper, we study single factor and orthogonal experiments of separation of macerals by flotation, and investigate the effect of flotation though adding different collectors, surfactant and regulators, then summed up the optimum process conditions. When cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, oleic acid , pulp density, rotate speed , air bubble are 0.15g/L, 0.15 mL/L, 50g/L, 1900r/min, 130L/h, respectively, combined efficiency is 96.21%, flotation yield is 73.22%, content of vitrinite in float product is 86.5%. Content of vitrinite in float product increases by 16.5% than raw coal. The floating kinetics of Shenfu coal after adding agentia were also researched in this paper. The results show that flotation rate and content of vitrinite are larger during 0~60 seconds. After 60 seconds , flotation rate tends to be stable, and content of vitrinite reduce, content of inertinite increase. Flotation process is over when time gets to180 seconds. The classic first-order kinetics model can better simulate flotation process of Shenfu coal after adding cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. The second-order kinetics model can better simulate flotation process of Shenfu coal after adding dodecyl dimethyl ammonium oxidation and oleic acid, aluminium chloride. Agents adsorbing on the vitrain and fusain are mainly in the form of physical adsorption. When the adding of reagent is suitable, surface potential of vitrain is positive and surface potential of fusite is negative. We can separate vitrinite and inertinite from row coal better by flotation after adding anionic collector oleic acid.