消防站作为城市基础设施之一，是保障城市生产、生活等各项经济社会活动正常进行的重要前提。目前消防站在选址过程中存在主观影响因素较多，消防资源难以得到有效分配等问题。因此，本文以西咸新区沣东新城为背景，深入分析该城区的火灾风险形势，结合消防站布局优化的主要影响因素，基于 ArcGIS 软件构建模型交点法，并在此基础上对沣东新城进行消防站布局优化研究。主要研究内容及结果如下：
建立区域火灾风险评估体系，研究分析沣东新城的火灾风险形势。研究结果显示，该城区火灾风险等级为中风险，主要火灾风险场所为老旧小区、高层建筑、城中村、易燃易爆场所以及商业综合体。其中，老旧小区、城中村为高风险，剩余场所为中风险。
综合考虑影响消防站布局优化的主要因素后，利用 ArcGIS 软件构建模型交点法，并引入最近设施点模型和服务区模型，对比分析现有消防站点与其相近点对区域建筑点（POI）和区域面积两类指标的覆盖率，检验该方法的可行性。结果显示，与现有消防站相比，利用模型交点法确定的站点对沣东新城 POI 和区域面积的覆盖率分别提高了10.20%和 12.43%；在各时间段内对 POI 的覆盖率平均提高了 13.92%。
利用模型交点法确定西咸新区沣东新城需新增一级消防站数量，并通过可达性分析方法检验新增站点布局的合理性，并最终得到新增站点的建设顺序。研究结果显示，沣东新城需新增 11 座一级消防站，POI 和区域面积的覆盖率在 4 分钟内分别达到了 97.66%和 84.80%；在 3 分钟内时效性最高，对 POI 的覆盖率达到 96.35%。

As one of the important urban infrastructures, fire stations are the important prerequisite for ensuring the normal progress of urban production, life and other economic and social activities. At present, there are many subjective factors affecting the layout of fire stations, and the fire resources are difficult to be effectively allocated. Therefore, taking Fengdong New City in Xi Xian New Area as the background, this paper deeply analyzed the fire risk situation in this urban area, combined with the main influencing factors of fire station layout optimization, built model intersection method based on ArcGIS software, and conducted optimization research on fire station layout in Fengdong New City on this basis. The main research contents and results are as follows:
The fire risk assessment system of Fengdong New Town was established to study and analyze the fire risk situation of the city. The results showed that the risk grade of this urban area is medium risk, and the main fire risk places are old residential communities, high-rise buildings, villages in the city, flammable and explosive places and commercial complex. Among them, the 
old residential communities and villages in the city are high risk, and the remaining places are medium risk.
After comprehensive consideration of the main factors affecting the layout optimization of fire stations, ArcGIS software was used to build the model intersection method, and the nearest facility point model and service area model were introduced to compare and analyze the coverage rate of point of interest（POI）and area of existing fire stations and their close points to test the feasibility of the method.The results show that compared with the existing fire stations, the coverage rate of POI and regional area of Fengdong New City determined by model intersection method increases by 10.20% and 12.43% respectively; the coverage rate of POI points in each time period increases by average of 13.92%.

The model intersection method is used to determine the number of fire stations to be increased in Fengdong New City of Xi Xian New Area, and the rationality of the layout of the new stations is tested by accessibility analysis method, and the construction sequence of new stations was finally obtained.The research results show that Fengdong New City needs to add 11 fire stations, and the coverage rate of POI and area reaches 97.66% and 84.80% in 4 minutes respectively. Within 3 minutes, the timeliness is the highest, and the coverage rate of POI reaches96.35%.