近年来许多研究表明，超浸润电极对三相接触的电化学反应有很好的促进作用，使反应的电子转移效率显著提高，为电化学的发展提供了新的探索途径。例如，水下超亲气（疏水）电极在氧还原反应中表现出较好的性能，这归因于在液/气/固三相界面中能够连续捕获足够的氧气；而水下超疏气（超亲水）电极则在析氢反应中表现出良好的促进作用，该电极可促使气泡快速脱离反应位点，三相接触面不会形成大的气泡堆积。迄今为止，超浸润电极已成功应用于不同的研究领域，然而由于价格昂贵，超浸润电极难以生产和实际应用。因此，构建电极三相界面的简单、低成本的方法对于超浸润材料在电化学中的实际应用具有至关重要的意义。

本论文选用成本低廉的炭黑和泡沫镍为主要原材料，借助硅烷类的低表面能改性剂，成功制备了可用于电化学反应的功能性润湿材料，制备方法简单易行。本论文的主要研究内容如下：

将ZIF-67负载在导电炭黑上制备了氧还原电催化剂，然后通过使用全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷赋予了催化剂疏水性，通过调节硅烷的含量来控制疏水性的强弱，得到了具有疏水表面的碳基电催化剂。与未改性的催化剂相比，疏水性催化剂具有更大的极限电流密度（从原始催化剂的4.4 mA/cm²到改性催化剂的5.2 mA/cm²）和更高的半波电位（从原始催化剂的0.81 V到改性催化剂的0.83 V）。这种低成本且简单的制备方法获得的电催化剂对碱性和酸性电解质溶液呈现出较好的耐久性和稳定性，这为氧还原催化的研究提供了一种普适且可靠的方法。

为了进一步拓展超浸润材料在电化学中的实际应用，继续研究了超浸润界面对析气型电化学反应的推动作用。以泡沫镍为基底材料，利用水热法在泡沫镍上依次负载CoNi₂S₄和MoS₂催化剂，成功制备了一种绿色环保、稳定性强、成本低、产氢效率高的水下超疏气电极。该电极可以在强酸碱电解质溶液中保持良好的浸润性能，且其析氢性能循环测试100次几乎不发生变化。此外，该电极的原材料价格低廉易得，可以大规模制备，这为超浸润界面在析气型电化学反应中的实际应用提供了可能。

In recent years, many studies have shown that the superwettable electrodes have an excellent positive effect on the electrochemical reaction with three-phase contact, making the electron transfer efficiency of the reaction increases dramatically, which provides a new exploration way for the development of electrochemistry. For example, hydrophobic electrodes exhibit high performance in the oxygen reduction reaction, which is attributed to the continuous capture of sufficient oxygen in the liquid/gas/solid three-phase interface. Superhydrophilic electrode shows a good promotion effect in the hydrogen evolution reaction. The electrode can prompt the bubbles to leave the reaction site quickly, and the three-phase contact surface will not form a large bubble accumulation. So far, the superwettable electrodes have been successfully applied in different research fields. However, thesuperwettable electrodes have been reported to be difficult to produce and be applied in practice due to its high price. Therefore, simple and low-cost methods to construct the three-phase interface of electrode are in extreme demand.

In this paper, low-cost carbon black and foamed nickel are selected as the main raw materials, and with the help of silane-based low surface energy modifiers, a functional wetting material that can be used for electrochemical reactions is successfully prepared. The main research contents of this paper are as follows:

An electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction is synthesized by loading ZIF-67 on carbon black, then the hydrophobicity is bestowed on the catalyst and controlled by adjusting the amount of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane, aimed to preparing the carbon-based electrocatalyst with hydrophobic surface. Continuous and abundant cavitations on the catalyst surface ensure the rapid diffusion of oxygen to the three phase contact area of the reaction system. Compared with the unmodified catalyst, the hydrophobic catalyst has larger diffusion-limited current density (from 4.4 m A/cm²of the original catalyst to 5.2 mA/cm² of the modified catalyst) and higher half-wave potential (from 0.81 V of the original catalyst to 0.83 V of the modified catalyst). Furthermore, the as-prepared electrocatalysts which obtained with low cost and simple method, presenting durability and stability against alkaline and acidic electrolyte solutions and providing a general and reliable strategy for the study of oxygen reduction reaction catalyst.

To further expanding the practical application of superwetting interface in electrochemistry, we continue to study the promotion of superwetting interface on gas evolution electrochemical reaction. We use foam nickel as the base material, and use the hydrothermal method to sequentially load CoNi₂S₄ and MoS₂ catalysts on the foam nickel to successfully prepare a green, environmentally friendly, strong stability, low cost, and high hydrogen production efficiency underwater superaerophobic electrode. This kind of electrode still maintains good wettability in strong acid-base electrolyte solution, and its hydrogen evolution performance hardly changes for 100 cycles test. In addition, the raw materials of the electrode are cheap and easy to obtain, which provides the possibility for the practical application of superwetting interface in gas evolution electrochemical reactions.

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