农村地区生活污水直排现象时有发生，氮磷污染极易造成水体富营养化。而在人工湿地中孔隙度较低的现有填料（土壤）很大程度上限制了水质净化效果，因此，积极开发多孔新型水处理陶粒，应用于人工湿地土壤基质改良，并以其为主要生物处理设施进行净化生活污水的研究，对湿地填料选择和应用推广具有重要意义。 本文从填料自身的特性优化角度出发，以给水污泥为主要原料制备陶粒，研究了不同工况下陶粒性能变化情况，得出最佳工艺条件，并将所得陶粒用于人工湿地中；分别构建自制陶粒-土壤（A系统）和单纯土壤基质（B系统），进行人工湿地净化生活污水实验研究；对两反应器基质微生物进行16S rDNA基因高通量测序，得出不同湿地系统内微生物种类和结构关系、丰富度与多样性。主要研究结论有： （1）以给水污泥为主要原料进行陶粒制备，通过试验确定最佳工艺条件为：给水污泥60%，粉煤灰16%，黏土16%，玻璃粉8%；预热温度500 ℃，预热时间20 min，烧结温度1170 ℃，烧结时间20 min，升温速率10 ℃/min；最佳工艺条件下得到陶粒试样表观密度1.388 g·cm-3，堆积密度0.7636g·cm-3，吸水率23.65%，空隙率44.99%，比表面积5.24×104 cm2·g-1，重金属浸出率合格，孔隙均匀三维连通，适合作为人工湿地填料。 （2）降低HRT，两系统对TN、NH4+-N和TP去除率均有下降。A系统对TN和氨氮在HRT为6.4d、3.5d、1.5d时的平均去除率分别为85%、70%和50%及90%、90%和70%，B系统HRT为6.4d、3.5d、1.5d时的平均去除率分别为80%、60%和37%及90%、60%和35%。A系统对TP的去除能力几乎不受HRT的影响（HRT为6.4d、3.5d、1.5d时，A和B系统去除率分别为91.15%、89.79%和88.08%及79.53%、76.52%和66.57%）。TN和TP去除效果受HRT影响的变化幅度比NH4+-N小，A系统抗水力冲击负荷能力较强。 （3）两系统对NH4+-N与TN的沿程变化规律相仿，即相比其他各层，首层基质均对NH4+-N及TN的去除率最高，后端去除效果相对较小。添加自制新型陶粒能够增大吸附容量，丰富的孔隙结构有利于微生物生长繁殖，促进了对有机物和氮的去除。首层基质层对TP的去除贡献最大，TP去除主要是沉积与基质的吸附作用。 （4）得到不同湿地系统不同深度层门、纲、目，属不同水平下微生物的种类。属水平下，具硝化功能的菌属包括：寡养单胞菌、硝化螺旋菌、亚硝化单胞菌、鞘氨醇单胞菌，具同步硝化反硝化功能的菌属包括：鞘氨醇单胞菌，这两种功能菌在A系统中下层占比较大；具有产甲烷功能的菌属包括：脱硫球茎菌，在B系统下层占比较大。Observed species指数、Rank-Abundance曲线表明A系统物种丰富度更高；Shannon指数表明A系统的微生物多样性更高；PCoA图表明，两系统间物种结构差异较大。

Straight discharge of domestic sewage in rural areas occurs from time to time, and nitrogen and phosphorus pollution can easily cause eutrophication of water bodies. However, existing fillers (soil) with low porosity in constructed wetlands largely limit the effect of water purification. Therefore, actively develop new water-treated ceramsite rich in pores, apply to constructed wetlands, and develop constructed wetlands as main organisms. The research of treatment facilities to purify domestic sewage is of great significance for the selection and application of wetland fillers. In this paper, from the perspective of the optimization of the properties of the filler itself, the ceramsite was prepared with the feed water sludge as the main raw material. The change of ceramsite properties under different working conditions was studied, and the best technological conditions were obtained. The obtained ceramsite was used in the constructed wetland. The self-made ceramsite-soil (A system) and the simple soil substrate (B system) were separately constructed to carry out experimental research on the purification of domestic sewage by constructed wetland; the high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA gene in the two reactor matrix microorganisms was carried out, and different wetlands were obtained. Microbial species and structure relationships, richness and diversity within the system. The main research conclusions are: (1) The ceramsite was prepared by using feed water sludge as the main raw material. The optimum process conditions were determined by experiments: 60% of water supply sludge, 16% of fly ash, 16% of clay, 8% of glass powder, and preheating temperature of 500 °C. The time is 20 min, the sintering temperature is 1170 °C, the sintering time is 20 min, and the heating rate is 10 °C/min. Under the optimum conditions, the apparent density of the ceramsite sample is 1.388 g·cm-3, and the bulk density is 0.7636 g·cm-3. The water absorption rate is 23.65%, the void ratio is 44.99%, the specific surface area is 5.24×104 cm2·g-1, the heavy metal leaching rate is qualified, and the pores are uniformly connected in three dimensions, which is suitable as the artificial wetland filler. (2) When HRT was lowered, the removal rates of TN, NH4+-N and TP decreased in both systems. The average removal rates of A system for TN and ammonia nitrogen at 6.4d, 3.5d, and 1.5d for HRT were 85%, 70%, and 50%, and 90%, 90%, and 70%. The HRT of B system was 6.4d, 3.5. The average removal rates at and 1.5d were 80%, 60%, and 37%, and 90%, 60%, and 35%. The removal capacity of TP in system A is almost unaffected by HRT (when HRT is 6.4d, 3.5d, 1.5d, the removal rates of A and B systems are 91.15%, 89.79% and 88.08%, and 79.53%, 76.52% and 66.57, respectively. %). The TN and TP removal effects are less affected by HRT than NH4+-N, and the A system is more resistant to hydraulic shock loads. (3) The two systems are similar to the variation of NH4+-N and TN. Compared with other layers, the first layer has the highest removal rate of NH4+-N and TN, and the back removal effect is relatively small. The addition of homemade ceramsite can increase the adsorption capacity, and the rich pore structure is beneficial to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, and promotes the removal of organic matter and nitrogen. The first matrix layer contributes the most to the removal of TP, and the TP removal is mainly the adsorption of deposition and matrix. (4) The types of microorganisms at different levels of stromal gates, classes and orders in different depth layers of different wetland system installations were obtained. At the genus level, the genus of nitrifying bacteria includes: Stenotrophomonas, Nitrospira, Nitrosomonas, Sphingomonas, and bacteria with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification include: sphingosine Cytobacteria, these two functional bacteria account for a large proportion in the lower layer of the A system; the genus of the methanogenic function includes: desulfurization of bulbous bacteria, which is relatively large in the lower layer of the B system. The Observed species index and the Rank-Abundance curve indicate that the species richness of the A system is higher; the Shannon index indicates that the microbial diversity of the A system is higher; the PCoA map indicates that the species structure difference between the two systems is larger.