非晶态复合镀层凭借结构上的特殊性，因而具有良好的综合力学性能，近年来受到了科研工作者的广泛关注。梯度功能材料(FGM)是应现代工业的要求而发展起来的全新型材料之一，其内部成分和结构的相容性可有效地提高镀层与基体间的结合强度，改善了镀层的耐蚀耐磨性能。稀土由于具备良好的物理、化学、电、磁和光学性能，在复合沉积过程中，能起到改善镀液性质、促进工艺过程、净化组织界面、提高镀层质量的作用，目前，稀土已经成功地应用在电镀、热镀锌、转化膜及化学热处理等表面处理方法中。 本文以LY12硬铝合金为基体，采用电沉积的方法，分别制备出晶态、非晶态以及梯度Ni-W-ZrO2复合镀层。确定了ZrO2微粒及稀土Y(NO3)3的添加浓度，利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X-Ray衍射仪(XRD)、显微硬度、腐蚀试验、摩擦磨损性测试以及氧化称重等检测手段，测试分析了镀层微观结构、镀层成分、硬度、耐蚀性、耐磨性以及抗高温氧化性。实验结果表明：当ZrO2微粒的添加浓度为40g/L时，Ni-W-ZrO2复合镀层硬度及耐磨性达到最佳。稀土Y(NO3)3的添加可以提高Ni-W-ZrO2复合镀层硬度和耐蚀性能，当Y(NO3)3添加量为1.5g/L时，复合镀层的综合性能最好。 研究发现，Ni-W-ZrO2复合镀层结构和性能与镀层中W含量密切相关，改变镀液中钨酸钠含量可制备出非晶态及梯度Ni-W-ZrO2复合镀层。SEM、EDS及XRD测试结果表明，当镀层中W%＞44%时，镀层结构为非晶态。非晶态Ni-W-ZrO2复合镀层是一个以镍为溶剂，以钨为溶质的置换型固溶体。梯度Ni-W-ZrO2复合镀层沿镀层生长方向，W含量逐渐增加，镀层由晶态逐步过渡为非晶结构，W含量呈连续梯度分布。由于非晶态及梯度复合镀层的非晶结构，对其进行热处理后发现，经400℃热处理1h后，镀层结晶化程度明显提高，复合镀层由非晶态结构向晶态结构转变并析出Ni4W相，镀层的硬度和耐蚀性得到提高；梯度Ni-W-ZrO2复合镀层特殊结构可加强基体与镀层结合强度，并且有效减少镀层的孔隙率，进一步改善镀层的耐蚀性及摩擦磨损性能等。

Amorphous composite coatings, with excellent general physical and chemical characteristics due to its special structure, have aroused great attention in recent years. With the development of modern industry, Functional Gradient Material has become one of the new materials. The consistency of FGM’s internal structure and component can enhance the bonding strength between coating and substrate, therefore improve the corrosion resistance and wear resistance. In the process of composite electrodeposition, Rare earth can improve the properties of plating bath, purify the interface, enhance the quality of the coating due to its favorable physical, chemical, electrical, magnetic and optical properties. Re has been successfully applied in electrodeposition, hot dip galvanizing, conversion coating and chemical heat treatment and surface treatment. In this paper, crystalline, amorphous and gradient Ni-W-ZrO2 composite coatings were prepared by electrodeposition, based on LY12 duralumin alloy substrate. In the condition of optimal concentration of ZrO2 particles and the Rear earth being fixed, by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD), microhardness, corrosion tests, the friction and wear test and oxidation weighing, the microstructure, component, hardness, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and high-temperature oxidation resistance of the composite coatings were analyzed. The results showed that Ni-W-ZrO2 composite coatings reached the best hardness and wear resistance when the ZrO2 concentration in solution ascended to 40g/L. Meanwhile, the Ni-W-ZrO2 composite coatings showed the best corrosion resistance when Rear earth, the concentration of which was 1.5g/L, was added into the solution. The structure and properties of Ni-W-ZrO2 composite coatings is closely related to the content of W deposited in coatings. The amorphous and gradient Ni-W-ZrO2 composite coatings were prepared when the temperature of the solution and the concentration of Na2WO4 in solution were adjusted appropriately. It was proved that the Ni-W-ZrO2 composite coatings have presented amorphous state when ωW＞44% in composite coatings from the results of energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Amorphous Ni-W-ZrO2 composite coating is the type of substitutional type solid solution which the nickel is solvent and the tungsten is solute. The content of W in gradient Ni-W-ZrO2 composite coating increases gradually along the growing direction, and the composite coatings gradually transit from crystalline to amorphous structure which distribute as continuous gradient. The studies showed that the degree of crystallization of the composite coating had been enhanced, and the structure of the composite coating transited from crystalline state to amorphous state with the crystallization of Ni4W after 400℃ heat-treatment. Subsequently, the hardness, the corrosion resistance and the abrasive resistance of the composite coatings were improved .The gradient Ni-W-ZrO2composite coatings can enhance the adhesion strength between the coating and substrate, further improve the corrosion resistance and abrasive resistance due to its special structure.