含油污泥是在石油开采、运输、炼制及含油污水处理过程中产生的含泥、含水膏状危险废物。目前，油、水、泥三相分离是处理含油污泥的主流技术。本文根据含油污泥高度乳化态和细粒的超高分散特性，将泥砂初步分离出来后，首先对油进行降凝处理，然后以油、水混合体系为基础，进行降粘处理，最后通过调质后制备成煤炭浮选剂。 研究了降凝剂对污油的降凝效果，探讨了温度、浓度对降凝效果的影响，并对比分析了降凝剂对污油粘度的影响。结果表明，最佳降凝剂为降凝剂-1，最佳加剂温度为70℃，最佳加剂浓度为1.0%，可使污油凝点从24.0℃降低到9.2℃。 研究了以非离子/阴离子及非离子/阳离子表面活性剂作为复配降粘剂。采用正交试验研究了非离子/阴离子表面活性剂做降粘剂时，OP-10的用量(A)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）的用量(B)以及油水质量比(C)对含油污泥粘度的影响。研究发现，对降粘率影响显著性由大到小排列为B>C>A，最佳组合为A1B1C1，即OP-10 0.6%，十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.3%，油水质量比为13:7，在此组合下降粘率可达98.80%。采用正交试验研究了非离子/阳离子表面活性剂对降粘剂时，OP-10的用量(A)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）的用量(B)以及油水质量比(C)对含油污泥降粘效果的影响，发现各因素对降粘率影响的大小顺序为A>B>C，最佳组合为A1B1C3，即OP-10 0.2%、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）0.2%、油水质量比为3:2。此组合下降粘率可达98.90%。 最后，选取正交试验中的最佳组合，制备了两种煤炭浮选剂，即在70℃时加入质量分数为1.0%降凝剂-1，添加非离子/阴离子表面活性剂最佳组合A1B1C1，然后加入一定比例的起泡剂、稳泡剂调质制备成煤炭浮选剂Fa；在70℃时加入质量分数为1.0%降凝剂-1，添加非离子/阳离子表面活性剂最佳组合A1B1C3，然后加入一定比例的起泡剂、稳泡剂调质制备成煤炭浮选剂Fb。利用煤炭浮选剂Fa、Fb分别对澄合煤进行浮选试验，结果表明，自制浮选剂经折算有效成分后，与煤油浮选剂用量相同的情况下，其浮选结果为：精煤灰分基本相同，精煤产率分别达到80.69%，78.60%，比煤油浮选分别提高了17.41%与15.32%。

Oily sludge with mud and water paste is hazardous waste which is produced in oil exploitation, transportation, refining and in the process of oily water treatment. Recently, the key technology of the oily sludge treatment is oil, water, mud phase separation. According to the high emulsion states of the oily sludge and ultrahigh dispersion of fine particles, this paper taking pour point depressant to treat the oil after separation of mud, firstly, then using oil-water mixed system to prepare stable emulsion by viscosity reduction,finally,prepared the coal flotation by quenching and tempering. The influence of pour point depressant on the depression effect was studied, and then the effect of temperature and concentration to the depression effect was researched, and the analyzed the effect of pour point depressant to the oily sludge viscosity. The results showed that, the best pour point depressant was -1,the best temperature was 70℃, the best concentration was 1.0%,the freezing point was reduced from 24.0℃ to 9.2℃. The nonionic/anion and nonionic/cationic surfactant were using as complex viscosity reducer to reduce the viscosity of oily sludge, separately. Orthogonal test was taken to study the effects of three factors as followed the dosage of OP-10(A), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (B) and the mass ratio of oil to water(C) to the viscosity of oily sludge when the nonionic/anion surfactant as complex viscosity reducer. It is found that, the influence significant to the viscosity rate is B>C>A，the optimum combination is A1B1C1, that is OP-10 0.6%, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate 0.3%, the mass ratio of oil to water 13:7, and the viscosity rate is 98.80%. Orthogonal test was taken to study the effects of three factors as followed the dosage of OP-10(A), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (B) and the mass ratio of oil to water(C) to the viscosity of oily sludge when the nonionic/cationic surfactant was using as complex viscosity reducer. It is found that, the influence significant to the viscosity rate is A>B>C，the optimum combination is A1B1C3, that is OP-10 0.2%, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide 0.2%, the mass ratio of oil to water 3:2, and the viscosity rate is 98.90%. Finally, the two kinds of coal flotation agents were prepared, adding 1.0% pour point depressant -1 to oil, then using the optimum combination A1B1C1, adding certain proportion frothing agent and stable agent as the coal flotation agent Fa; adding 1.0% pour point depressant -1, and using the optimum combination A1B1C3, and adding certain proportion frothing agent and stable agent as the coal flotation agent Fb. The two kinds of coal flotation agent Fa and Fb were using for flotation test, and compared with the kerosene. When the two kinds of coal flotation agents convert to the effective components, under the condition of the same dosage with kerosene, the results showed that, the clean coal ash was basically same, the clean coal yield were 80.69%, 78.60%, separately, which were 17.41% and 15.32% higher than kerosene.