普通高中是基础教育的重要组成部分。从教育资源的分配方面分析普通高中教育非公平现状，探索普通高中教育均衡发展路径，对教育公平的实现具有十分重要的意义。 首先，对马克思主义正义理论、罗尔斯正义论、教育公平理论、教育均衡发展理论以及公平与教育均衡发展之间的逻辑关系等问题进行了相关的梳理与总结。第一，论述了包括马克思和恩格斯的正义观、毛泽东独特的公正观、邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛、习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想中的马克思主义正义理论；第二，对公平正义的定义、具体内容和规则进行了相关论述；第三，对教育均衡发展的含义、实质以及教育均衡发展观的内容进行了论述；最后，在逻辑上梳理了教育均衡发展与教育公平实现的关系。 其次，对天水市普通高中近几年教育发展成果进行了分析总结，并在公平正义理论及其他相关理论的基础上，详细分析了天水市普通高中教育非公平现状并对其进行了原因分析：天水市普通高中各县区间师资分布不均、学科结构相对不合理、教书队伍不稳定；天水市普通高中公用经费不足，教育经费地区间差异较大，经费来源较为单一；天水市普通高中整体办学条件较差、信息化程度较低，城乡办学条件差距较大。究其原因，主要包含以下几个方面：一是人力资源配置不合理、开发度不够以及人力资源的流失较为严重；二是政府财政支持力度不够，教育经费使用效益较低，教育经费不及时到位，存在肆意挪用的现象，财政资源在城乡间也分配不均；三是只重视外观而轻视质量，注重购置而轻视使用，农村高中学校设备配置水平较低。 最后，提出了促进天水市普通高中教育公平发展的建议：普通高中的发展必须要对其进行科学论证和合理规划；对现有教育资源必须进行合理的配置；进一步深化改革，加强管理，走内涵发展的道路；通过多元化方式增加教育投入，促进和提高办学效率；全面“改薄”，推动高中教育普及攻坚。

Ordinary high schools are an important part of basic education. It is of great significance to analyze the unequal status of ordinary high school education from the distribution of educational resources and explore the balanced development path of ordinary high school education. First of all, this paper systematically sorts out and summarizes the Marxist theory of justice, Rawls' theory of justice, the theory of educational equity, the theory of balanced development of education and the logical relationship between equity and balanced development of education. First, it discusses the marxist theory of justice including Marx and Engels' concept of justice, MAO zedong's unique concept of justice, Deng xiaoping,Jiang zemin, Hu jintao and Xi jinping's thought of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era; Secondly, the definition, content and rules of fairness and justice are discussed. Thirdly, the meaning and essence of the balanced development of education and the content of the balanced development of education are discussed. Finally, the relationship between the balanced development of education and the realization of educational equity is analyzed logically. Secondly, this paper analyzes and summarizes the educational development achievements of ordinary high schools in Tianshui city in recent years,and on the basis of the theory of fairness and justice and other relevant theories, analyzes in detail the unbalanced status quo of education in ordinary high schools in Tianshui city and analyzes the causes. The distribution of teachers is uneven, the discipline structure is relatively unreasonable, and the teaching team is not stable. There is a lack of public funds for ordinary high schools in tianshui city. Tianshui ordinary high school overall running conditions are poor, information level is low, the gap between urban and rural running conditions is large. The reasons mainly include the following aspects: first, unreasonable allocation of human resources, insufficient development and serious loss of human resources; Second, the government's financial support is not enough, education funds use efficiency is low, education funds do not arrive in time, there is the phenomenon of wanton misappropriation, financial resources are not evenly distributed between urban and rural areas; Third, only pay attention to appearance and despise quality, pay attention to purchase and despise use, rural high school equipment configuration level is low. Finally, the paper puts forward some Suggestions to promote the balanced development of the ordinary high school education in Tianshui city. The existing educational resources must be reasonably allocated; Further deepen reform, strengthen management, take the road of connotation development; Increase investment in education through diversified ways to promote and improve the efficiency of running schools; We will comprehensively reform the senior high school education system to make it universal.